문재인 전 더불어민주당 대표와 손수조(부산 사상) 새누리당 후보는 각각 유튜브와 아프리카TV에서 유세 현장을 생중계한다. 현장의 일거수일투족을 전달하는 것은 물론 채팅창에 올라오는 시청자들의 댓글을 읽고 답변하기도 한다. 금태섭(서울 강서갑) 더민주 후보 선거캠프는 서울 강서구 주민들을 한 명 한 명 인터뷰해 페이스북에 소개하고 있다. 녹색당은 유권자들이 카카오톡으로 질문을 하면 직접 답변을 해 준다. 2011년 서울시장 보궐선거와 2012년 대선, 2014년 지방선거에서도 소셜네트워크서비스(SNS)는 정당과 후보자의 효과적인 홍보 수단으로 주목받아 왔다. 그러나 이번 총선에서는 SNS가 정치권과 유권자 간 소통의 통로로 격상됐다. 한 정당 관계자는 “수년 전만 해도 현장에서 온라인 생중계를 하려면 많은 장비와 인력이 필요했는데, 지금은 스마트폰만 있으면 가능해졌다”며 “과거에는 몇몇 후보만 시도했던 것을 지금은 누구나 의지만 있으면 할 수 있게 됐다”고 말했다. ●시공간 초월한 채널 다변화로 소수정당에 유용 오는 13일 치러지는 제20대 국회의원선거는 역대 여느 선거보다도 SNS의 역할이 두드러진다. 특히 투표일이 불과 3~4일밖에 남지 않은 이번 주말에 후보자마다 SNS를 통한 득표 전략에 막판 승부수를 걸고 있는 형국이다. 버락 오바마 미국 대통령이 2008년과 2012년 선거에서 실현해 보였던 ‘SNS 선거’가 우리나라에서도 시작된 것이다. 페이스북과 트위터, 유튜브 등 기존의 SNS부터 카카오톡과 같은 모바일 메신저에 이르기까지 이들 SNS를 전방위적으로 활용해 유권자들과의 접점을 확보하려는 경쟁이 치열하다. 가장 뜨거운 SNS는 단연 페이스북이다. 페이스북에는 재미있는 뮤직비디오와 인터뷰 영상, 유권자들의 감성을 파고드는 사진들이 넘쳐나고 있다. 페이스북의 동영상 생중계 기능인 ‘페이스북 라이브’는 선거운동의 시공간적 한계를 극복했다. 안철수(서울 노원병) 국민의당 대표는 매일 저녁 ‘안철수, 국민 속으로!’라는 1인 방송을 페이스북과 트위터, 페리스코프로 중계한다. 길거리 유세와 대담, 토론회 현장을 페이스북으로 생중계하는 건 흔한 일이 됐다. SNS 각각의 이용자 기반이 다르다는 점은 유권자들의 연령·이용자별 ‘맞춤형’ 공략이 가능함을 의미한다. 폐쇄형 SNS인 밴드와 카카오스토리는 후보자들이 지역구 내 중장년층 지지자들의 결집력을 강화하는 구심점이다. 반면 인스타그램은 트렌드에 민감한 20~30대 유권자들을 공략할 수 있는 통로다. 후보들이 유세 현장에서 땀을 흘리는 모습 등 감성적인 사진 한 장으로 젊은 유권자들의 마음을 움직이려는 시도가 활발하다. 모바일 메신저 카카오톡은 정당 및 후보자와 유권자 간의 1대1 채팅을 가능하게 했다. 정당과 후보자가 카카오톡의 비즈니스 계정인 ‘옐로아이디’를 개설하면 유권자들에게 카카오톡 채팅창으로 메시지를 보내고 대화도 나눌 수 있다. 정의당과 녹색당, 김성태(서울 강서을) 새누리당 후보, 심상정(경기 고양갑) 정의당 대표 등이 옐로아이디를 활발하게 이용하고 있다. ●美 클린턴·대만 차이잉원 SNS 활용 ‘기염’ 채널의 다변화는 소통 방식의 다변화도 가져온다. 정당이나 후보자의 특성에 따라 각기 다른 홍보 방식을 취할 수 있는데, 특히 소수정당에 유용한 통로다. 녹색당은 먹거리와 탈핵, 동물권 등 주요 의제들을 카드뉴스와 논평의 형식으로 페이스북과 트위터에 게시한다. 옐로아이디를 통해서는 매일 다른 의제를 사진과 글로 정리해 메시지로 발송한다. 유한혜진 녹색당 홍보본부 콘텐츠기획팀장은 “스타 후보를 홍보하는 대신 생활 밀착형 의제를 설정하고 정책을 알리는 데 주력하고 있는데, SNS는 이에 최적화된 소통 채널”이라고 말했다. ‘SNS 선거’의 시대는 세계 각국에서 이미 막을 올렸다. 오는 11월 치러지는 미국 대선은 페이스북과 스냅챗, 인스타그램 등 SNS의 대리전이나 마찬가지다. 힐러리 클린턴 민주당 경선후보는 미국 젊은이들 사이에서 인기 있는 스냅챗에 유권자들과 격식 없이 찍은 ‘셀카’ 사진을 올리고, 유튜브에는 평범한 미국 시민들의 일상을 담은 영상을 올리는 등 ‘대중과 함께하는 정치인’이라는 이미지를 쌓고 있다. 클린턴보다 많은 페이스북 팔로어(380만명)를 거느린 버니 샌더스 민주당 경선후보는 페이스북에 자신의 정치적 신념을 논리 있게 펼치며 호응을 이끌어 내고 있다. 도널드 트럼프 공화당 경선후보는 인스타그램에서 사진 한 장 또는 짧은 분량의 동영상으로 “미국을 다시 위대한 나라로 만들자”(Making America Great Again)라는 슬로건을 반복해 전달한다. 단순 명료함이 핵심인 인스타그램의 특징을 가장 효과적으로 활용하고 있다는 평가를 받는다. 지난 1월 치러진 대만 총통 및 입법위원(국회의원) 선거에서는 페이스북과 모바일 메신저 ‘라인’의 활약이 빛났다. 총통에 당선된 차이잉원(蔡英文) 민주진보당(민진당) 주석은 자신이 키우는 고양이들의 사진과 스스로를 고양이에 빗댄 캐릭터, 웹툰을 보는 듯한 정책 홍보 이미지를 페이스북에 올리며 기존의 딱딱한 모습에서 탈피했다. 2013년 발생한 군의문사 사건의 유족으로 이번 선거에 당선된 훙쯔융(洪慈庸) 입법위원은 후원금 모금과 선거운동본부 설립, 대담 생중계를 모두 페이스북에서 진행하며 20만명이 넘는 팔로어를 끌어들였다. ●끼리끼리 공유로 소통 되레 방해 기현상도 민주진보당(민진당)과 국민당, 시대역량 등 주요 정당들은 라인에서 친구를 맺은 유권자들에게 매일 홍보 메시지를 전송했다. 민진당 디지털분석가인 잔허순(詹賀舜) 부주임은 “SNS를 페이스북 같은 소셜미디어와 라인(LINE) 같은 인스턴트 메시징 서비스로 구분하고, 유권자들이 정책을 이해함과 동시에 이를 전파할 수 있도록 하는 데 초점을 뒀다”면서 “페이스북에는 당의 정책을 ‘란런바오’(懶人包·카드뉴스)로 제작해 게시했고, 라인에서는 홍보 이미지 한 장만을 전송해 유권자들이 친구들에게 손쉽게 재전송할 수 있도록 했다”고 설명했다. 선거에서 SNS를 활용한다는 것 자체가 유권자들과의 소통을 의미하는 건 아니다. 홍보에 열을 올리는 동안 정작 SNS의 본질적 가치인 ‘개방’과 ‘공유’, ‘소통’을 놓치는 경우도 적잖다. 최재용 SNS선거전략연구소장은 “SNS에 대한 이해도가 높아 유권자들과 쌍방향으로 소통하는 후보가 있는가 하면, ‘글을 올리면 보겠지’라는 생각으로 접근하는 후보도 많다”고 말했다. 최 소장은 후보자들의 SNS 활용 방식을 ▲일방통행형 ▲소극적 소통형 ▲적극적 소통형 등 세 가지 유형으로 분류했다. 후보자의 경력과 치적을 나열하고 유력 정치인과의 친분을 과시하는 사진을 올리는 등 전통적인 홍보 방식을 SNS에서 답습하는 경우가 전형적인 ‘일방통행형’이다. 양질의 콘텐츠들을 쏟아 내더라도 후보자들 스스로가 유권자들의 피드백에 반응하지 않는다면 ‘소극적 소통형’에 그친다는 게 최 소장의 설명이다. 케이티 하베스 페이스북 국제정치·선거협력 부사장은 “후보자 본인이 댓글을 다는 등 직접 소통에 참여하는 것이 가장 중요하다”고 강조했다. ●“선거에 큰 영향” vs “게임 체인저 못 돼” 팽팽 유권자들의 이목을 끌기 위해 재미와 자극에 치중하는 모습에 대해서는 비판적인 시각도 있다. 일부 후보자의 ‘훈남·훈녀’ 자녀들이 주목받는 것이 대표적인 사례다. ‘정책 대결 실종’이라는 평가를 받는 이번 선거에서 자칫 유권자들의 ‘탈정치화’를 가져올 수 있다는 우려도 나온다. “SNS로 정치 참여의 재미를 느낄 수 있는 것은 긍정적”(최재용 소장)이라는 시각도 있으나 SNS가 막말과 경쟁 상대 흠집 내기를 퍼 나르며 오프라인의 네거티브 선거운동을 확대재생산하고 있는 상황은 경계해야 한다는 목소리가 높다. SNS가 선거의 판도를 바꿀 ‘게임 체인저’가 될지에 대해서는 전망이 엇갈린다. 강정수 디지털사회연구소장은 “우리나라의 선거는 아직까지 정당의 공천 전략과 지역 구도의 영향력이 커 SNS가 판세를 좌우하기는 힘들다”고 말했다. 진보와 보수 성향의 유권자들이 끼리끼리 관계를 맺고 성향에 맞는 게시물만 선택적으로 공유하는 ‘소통 단절’ 현상은 SNS의 디지털 공론장으로서의 전망을 어둡게 한다. 그러나 연결과 소통의 시대를 연 SNS가 유권자들의 정치 참여를 독려해 민주주의의 지평을 열 것이라는 데는 이견이 없다. 한 정당 관계자는 “SNS를 통해 현장을 온라인으로 전달하고, 온라인에서 민의를 수렴해 현장에 반영하는 ‘O2O’(온라인 투 오프라인)가 가능할 것”이라며 “정치권에서 구체적인 방향을 고민해 나가야 한다”고 말했다. 강 소장은 “SNS 기술의 발전이 정치권과 유권자의 접점을 넓히고 여론을 상상하지 못했던 속도로 전파해 선거에 영향을 줄 수 있을 것”이라고 내다봤다. 김소라 기자 sora@seoul.co.kr

?It is common for the authors to include epilogues, however, yours was especially sincere and full of countless thank you-s. Humans are quite similar in genetic aspects(you even mentioned that the reason Kenya became a powerful nation in track-and-field is because it did not lose the talented ones to other sports). Sport is a way of exploring the inner-conscience, so enjoy. Such conclusion seemed a little bit cliche-tic in the first place, pardon me, but as I thought about it more and more, it seems to be a really valuable conclusion. It has been already two years since you wrote the book. If you have the chance to write the epilogue once again, what are the changes that you would want to make? -Haha…well, I think maybe I would try to make that sentence a little less cliche! And I always appreciate feedback, so there is no need for pardon whatsoever. For me, sport is the ultimate lens through which to examine human biological diversity. You can watch the opening ceremony in Rio this summer, and there will be Michael Phelps next to a 1500-meter runner as they walk in, and Phelps will be 18cm taller, but both men will be wearing the same length pants, because of the bodytypes that are advantaged in their respective sports. I find that beautiful and remarkable, if a bit cliche. I really didn’t think so many people would be interested in the book, so I didn’t have an audience in mind so much when I wrote the epilogue, it was more sort of wrapping things up in my own mind. So that’s why I mentioned a wide range of characters from NBA players to Steve Jobs, and discussed the idea of genetic engineering for a perfect athlete. It was just addressing many different things I had been thinking about, almost like I was talking to myself. I think if I could do it again, I would have made a more explicit section of the epilogue where I said: “Here, in short, are aspects of this research that have most influenced how I work outside of sports,” and suggest how they might apply to other people. For example, when I’m trying to learn something new now, I sample a range of techniques first, and pay attention to my learning rate, or “trainability” as I call it in the book. It pays off to spend some time up front finding the method in which you are most trainable. You may be behind at first, but it’s the best way to go. And using some of the information about how athletes “chunk” information to make quick decisions, I’ve applied some of that to learning information quickly, and I can now memorize full hour-long lectures even though I don’t think I have a special memory. So I think I would have taken some time to give a bit more of the practical, utilitarian background. I would still like to do that! ?You worked as a researcher in Alaska near the North Pole, wrote articles while traveling on a yacht... you have been consistently involved in environment and sports-science. You are now working as a journalist for Propublica. Your TED lecture ‘Are Athletes Really Getting Faster, Better, Stronger?’ from 2014 was watched by a quite large number of people in Korea as well. You seem like a person who is consistently interested in new things and inflamed by new topics. Do you have a personal life moto? Is there a specific field that you are especially interested in and working on in these days? -When I lived on the boat, a large research vessel, I was actually doing science, not writing articles yet. I wasn’t a journalist yet, and still thought I would be a scientist. But the more science I did, the more I asked myself: “Am I the type of person who wants to spend my whole life learning or two things new to the world? Or am I the type who wants to learn things new to me more often?” I decided I was the latter, and later realized you really can connect dots that even the scientists haven’t, because they have to focus very narrowly. I jumped from being a scientist to a journalist, and then from all sorts of different jobs. I left a fulltime job in Washington D.C., to take a temporary six-month job as a fact-checker at Sports Illustrated. I don’t know that I have a motto, but just as the development of the best athletes involves diversification prior to specialization, I want my experience to be very wide early in my career. When my learning curve begins to flatten, I want to be somewhere else. That’s difficult, because the pressure is to create a brand and stick to the same thing. But I just can’t. I think we too often progress in life by continually moving more and more toward what we are comfortable with. I want to spend my entire life forcing myself to try things and engage with ideas that I don’t find entirely comfortable. It’s the same with physical training. If you lift the same weight the same number of times every day, you will maintain your muscle, but you won’t force it to change for the better. Right now, I just finished a long story about drug cartels in Mexico, which was a new field for me, and fascinating to understand how those organizations get very good at doing very bad things. It definitely made me wonder about how leadership is structured in organizations, so I’ve been reading some of the psychology about that. And I’m also taking a fiction writing class, because, again, I want to get out of my comfort-zone, and force myself to try a kind of writing that I’m not comfortable with. It’s working! ?Your book was selected as a New York Times bestseller. Moreover, the photo of your book with President Obama was a hot issue as well. I wonder, had the President ever mentioned about the book himself or wrote you an email or mentioned in his SNS about the book. -The President never wrote to me, as I think he probably has a pretty busy schedule! Interestingly, former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice mentioned in an interview that she was reading The Sports Gene as well. I enjoyed that, because she and President Obama are from different political parties obviously, and I was glad to think that perhaps people with very different viewpoints might be interested in it. I did see one interview online where President Obama was speaking with a runner who visited the White House, and told her some things about talent, and it made me think he had definitely paid attention to what he read in my book, as it sounded like it was straight from the pages. ?There was this video of you having a heated conversation in MIT with Malcom Gladwell, the founder of 1 million-hours-law. Are you still in an argument with him? -He and I still do discuss it, because we run together. But we have become very friendly. That doesn’t mean we agree, but my feeling is that he has gravitated somehwat more toward the evidence I’ve presented. I give him a huge amount of credit for being willing to change his mind when presented with evidence. He contends that the point of the law or “rule,” as he phrased it, was to show the importance of hard and sustained work. But that was never in question among scientists in the area, and I think the way that it has been applied is often a mistake. As I noted in my book, the scientist who did the actual work that led to the law has been pretty upset at what the public thinks it is. So I hope I helped correct that for people who are interested, although I certainly can’t reach as many people as Gladwell. ?You answered that ‘Phelps will be 18cm taller(than EL GUERROUJ), but both men will be wearing the same length pants, because of the body types that are advantaged in their respective sports. I find that beautiful and remarkable, if a bit cliche’. Could you explain further about why is that ’beautiful and remarkable‘? -In the early part of the 20th Century, there was an idea that there was an ideal way for all humans to be, and that anything different from that was bad. It deviated by fault or error. Instead, now that we better understand biological variation, it’s clear that tremendous variation is an essential part of evolution. There is no “perfect form,” only those that fit more readily into one environment or task than another. As such, I see sports as a celebration of humanity‘s physiological diversity. Some people have asked me if all these specialized body types take away some of the magic of sports for me. On the contrary, I think sports is a grand stage for appreciating biological diversity. Sports are simply contrived environments that we’ve created to test our psychology and biology. To me, the wider the range, the more interesting, and the more power sport has to appeal to everyone. I feel the same way about culture. I love the Olympics because it mixes cultures on a scale I don‘t think is really replicated just about anywhere else, and I like to see how that manifests. In short: at times human diversity is divisive, but in sport, it’s part of the celebration of achievement. Who is Epstein? He was born in Chicago, Illinois on the 31st of January, 1980. He majored in Environmental science and astronomy in Columbia University. He worked as an environmental research worker in the Artic Circle near Alaska. He also worked at the a seismological laboratory and charted the submarine topography of the Mediterranean ocean. As a sport-illustrate senior contributor, he is a celebrated journalists who writes sports-science and Olympics stories through careful research and checking, such as breaking the story that the Yankees‘ Alex Rodriguez, the tycoon of baseball was tested positive for steroids. He included his experience of being a varsity track-and-fields runner with teammates who came from Jamaica and Kenya and of working in the sports scenes in his book ‘The Sports Gene’, 2013. President Obama’s picture of buying the book at the bookstore was sensational. Also, Condoleezza Rice, the former secretary of state also recommended her acquaintances to read the book. Now he is working at the public benefit media ‘Propublica’ as a journalist and recently covered the story of the Mexican drug cartel’s local relief activity. Senior reporter Byong Sun Nim bsnim@seoul.co.kr

Can a genetic test tell whether my child who seems to be talented in sports will be able to succeed as a professional? When is the best time to select the right sport? If the child puts in efforts of more than 1 million hours, will he/she have the ability that no one can possibly think of challenging? There might be a quite large number of parents with such questions. David Epstein, the American sports-science journalist who published ‘The Sports Gene’ in 2013 advised through the e-mail interview that ‘There is no such test like that at the moment. It is actually best to experience diverse kinds of sports in one’s adolescence and choose a certain sport when one comes of age, being able to check one‘s degree of achievement and concentrate fully on the choosen sport’. Apart from certain sports such as golf and gymnastics, too much of either early or immersion education is not recommendable in sports. Following are the Q&As. ?First, I have to confess that I was personally touched by the well-done research and committed interviews. I guess that the time for writing took much longer than you had expected. Also, what were the reasons that you decided to write this book and how much are you satisfied with the outcome? -The research time for the book did indeed take longer than I expected. The topic was so complex, and there was, unfortunately, a lot of poorly done science I had to sift through to find the best work. (I was lucky I had a science background that helped with that.) For the first year, I did not write a word, I only tried to read 10 scientific papers a day, every day. As far as why I decided to write the book, it really came out of my own experience as an athlete, and as a sports spectator. I grew up in an area outside of Chicago where I ran on high school track teams with a lof of Jamaican immigrants. We had so many amazing sprinters, and when I realized Jamaica was an island of 2.5 million people, I wondered what could possibly be going on there to make so many fast sprinters?! And then in college, I moved up to run longer distance, and now I was running against Kenyan athletes, and learning that they weren’t just Kenyan, they were all from one small minority tribe, the Kalenjin. So, again, I’m wondering: What in the world is going on over there? Those questions combined with things I would see on television, like a women’s softball pitcher striking out the best Major League hitters. As soon as I saw that, I made an estimate calculation of the speed of her pitch and the closer distance of the mound to see if there was less time to swing, and there wasn’t, so I wondered why the men couldn’t hit it. So I just kept keeping all these questions in my mind, and when I had the opportunity, I wanted to go as far toward answering them as possible using the best available science. So really it was my own curiosities, and I didn’t know that so many other people would be interested. ?Your book‘s greatest strength may be that the readers can go through your experience as a varsity track-and-field player for 800 meters and also the interviews with Barry Bonds and Jennie Finch. Your theory of knowledge bulk was really intriguing as well. So, what you really wanted to say is that one cannot choose between nature and nurture. Concentrated workouts are important, however, there is no need to put in 1 million hours of work. One can experience diverse kinds of sports while he/she is young and then once he/she comes of age, he/she can choose one specific filed and put in his/her efforts. This is what you offer as an advice for parents who have kids that seem to be talented with sports. Is it right? -That’s right. The science has moved past the question of “nature or nurture,” and on to attempting to figure out what the balance of nature and nurture is in any specific situation. Without both genes and environments, there are no outcomes at all. So the real quest is to understand the interplay of nature and nurture, and how we can best use it. And this is important, because some people asked me after the book came out why scientists even study genetics if we can’t change it. The answer is that we can alter environments so that people get more out of their genetics. That’s why I use that quote toward the end of the book by J.M. Tanner?who was the world’s expert in body growth and development, and was a worldclass athlete: “Everyone has a different genotype. Therefore, for optimal development, everyone should have a different environment.” The more we understand about nature, the more we can help tailor the nurture to help everyone get the best out of themselves. As far as putting in hours of work, you’re exactly right. There is no magic number of hours. When I went through the work about the 10,000-hours rule, I expected to find something amazing I could write about. But what I found was work filled with statistical problems that needed to be addressed, because it’s actually damaging the development of athletes. The actual research shows that the typical route to success in most sports?and in fact many other activities?is to have a “sampling period,” where the learner has exposure to a wide variety of skills early, before then focusing in and specializing. That’s why I added an afterword to the book, and you can see, on pages 416 and 417, I added the charts with the aggregate data that show the development path of elite athletes. They sample sports early, and practice less and in a less technical manner early on than their peers who plateau at lower levels. There are exceptions, of course, and golf may be one because it’s a very unusual endeavor, in which the athlete is not time limited and does not need to predict the actions of others. But the fact is, most performers who go on to become elite do not follow the Tiger Woods path of early specialization. They follow the Roger Federer path; his parents forced him not to focus on tennis too early, and to continue playing badminton, basketball, and soccer before he could specialize. That’s the norm for those who become creative adult athletes. (And, by the way, there is evidence the best musicians do this as well.) Still, even looking at the data, people often don’t believe me. They send me messages: “Ok, maybe in some American sport that’s true, but never in soccer!” Well, luckily for me, shortly after the German national team won the World Cup, this study came out showing that they followed this exact pattern as well. The best players spent more time in unstructured activities as kids, and put off full specialization until after their less skilled peers. The study is called “Practice and play in the development of German top-level professional football players.” As an aside, Malcolm Gladwell and I had a public debate about this, and he conceeded that he didn’t expect people to take the 10,000-hours so seriously. You can see it here on YouTube. He and I have become running partners, so we continue to discuss on our own time! ?What was the most difficult part of writing the book? Even though you are an investigative reporter, it would have not been easy to do interviews while traveling since you would have to check the sources and work on the drafts on the plane. -Well, I didn’t have to do too much on planes, because I took a long time to write the book. When I chose my publisher, my priority was not the best financial offer, but the publisher that would make me an equal partner in determining how long I needed in order to write the book. In some ways, I still felt rushed, but I didn’t want to be on the normal timeline of one year or 18 months, because I knew I needed to learn a lot of material. So that was ok. It was a challenge, though, to arrange some of the interviews. In the last chapter of the book, I tracked down a man who was living as a reindeer farmer in the Arctic, and didn’t speak English, and it took me a while even to figure out that he was still alive and I should go visit him! Really, though, there were two aspects that stood out as very difficult: 1) If I wanted to give an honest examination of the top, I had to write about race and gender, and those are very sensitive topics. I got my CV ready just in case I had to find a new job. 2) I learned that some of my own intuition about the world was incorrect. I learned how hard it is, even faced with the data, to change my mind about certain things I believed for a long time and wanted to continue believing. It just took me some time to come to terms with that and write honestly about the data. For example, the chapters about genetic diversity in Africa, and about how physiology influences the willpower to train, were at first hard for me to digest intellectually, because much of the information was contrary to my intuition. But, in the end, that is why we have science, because we can’t rely on our intuition. --------------------- Two-thirds of Koreans have the gene which can pass through the doping(prohibited substances) test? David Epstein’s book ‘The Sports Gene(Translated version p.213)’ contains dangerous content that can instill a false belief on a quite large number of athletes in this nation. Swedish scientist Jenny Jakobsson Schulz, utilizing data from both Sweden and Inha University Hospital in Incheon, found out a scandalising fact. Those who have a pair of the gene mutant ‘UGT2B17’, which has the ability to cheat the most common anti-doping screening test ‘T/E ratio’, were more commonly found in East asia. The team actually mentioned that especially two thirds of Kroeans have this mutant. The T/E ratio test which searches for the ratio of testosterone to another hormone called epitestosterone views the ratio of 1:1 as normal and if the ratio goes above 4:1, than that there is a possiblity of doping. The research team determined that a lot of people have a gene that influences how they excrete testosterone in their urine, and they can dope without the T/E ratio changing, so they will still pass the test. They recommend that for drug testing to be more effective, it would have to be genetically tailored. On the 23rd of the last month, I requested an authority from Korean Anti-Doping Association(KADA) about how much of this is true and how much information do the domestic researchers and the KADA have on this news. Epstein further explained on this by answering “When I too asked anti-doping officials about this work, some of them said, ‘Oh no, it’s fine, that’s not right.’ Or, ‘That’s very rare.’ But it is right, and it’s not rare, so they are in denial.” “The good news, though, is that the T/E ratio test is becoming less important, as technologies like the biological passport are taking over.” He added, “Christiane Ayotte, one of the top anti-doping scientists in the world, was more honest. She told me, ‘This is one reason why I can’t retire until we have a better screening test than the T/E ratio.’. KADA Education-PR deputy answered on the 3rd, ”T/E ratio is just a primary testing method and is not used as a decisive material for the doping judgement. For example, we use secondary test methods such as IRMS, and also a biological informational system with diverse information for making the final conclusion. So, passing the T/E ratio test does not mean that one can avoid the doping test.” Senior reporter Byong Sun Nim bsnim@seoul.co.kr

미국 대통령 선거에 공화당 후보로 나서고 있는 마르코 루비오(상원의원, 플로리다) 의원이 캐나다 항구를 배경으로 한 대선 광고를 게재해 망신을 사고 있다고 미 언론들이 15일(현지 시간) 보도했다. 루비오 의원의 선거 캠프 측은 지난 14일, 유튜브에 '다시 아침을(Morning Again)'이라는 제목으로 기존 오바마 대통령 등 민주당의 정책을 비난하고 자신이 대통령이 되어야 하는 이유를 담은 대선 광고를 게재했다. 그런데 "미국에 다시 아침을"이라고 나레이터가 읽으면서 시작되는 첫 동영상의 배경 화면이 문제가 되고 말았다. 배가 오가는 미국의 한 항구 모습을 담은 이 장면은 자세히 관찰한 결과, 미국이 아니라 캐나다의 밴쿠버 항구로 밝혀졌기 때문이다. 한 매체는 건물 사이로 비치는 전망대 형태의 건물과 지나가는 배에 달린 캐나다 국기를 확인하고 이 장면은 미국이 아니라 캐나다 항구라고 밝혔다. 결국, 루비오 선거 캠프 측도 해당 장면이 캐나다 항구라는 것을 인정했다. 캠프 관계자는 "제작사에서 실수를 한 것으로 보인다"고 밝혔다. 미 언론들은 루비오 캠프 측이 과거 로널드 레이건 대통령의 대선 TV 광고를 그대로 흉내를 내려고 하다가 망신살을 샀다고 보도했다. 다니엘 김 미국 통신원 danielkim.ok@gmail.com

배우 최불암과 한예진 연기예술학부 이재진 교수가 연극 ‘시유어겐(時遊, again)’에서 각각 예술감독과 음향감독으로 호흡을 맞춘다. 배우 최불암이 예술감독을 맡고 아나운서에서 배우로 변신한 김경란이 첫 연극무대에 올라 화제가 되고 있는 연극 ‘시유어겐(時遊, again)’은 삭막한 서울 도심 속 한 포장마차에서 만난 여러 인간 군상들의 이야기들을 따뜻한 시선으로 보여주는 휴머니즘 가득한 작품이다. 연극 ‘시유어겐(時遊, again)’은 특히 편안한 사운드로 관객들의 마음을 울리고 있는데 한국방송예술교육진흥원(前 한국방송예술진흥원, 이하 한예진) 연기예술학부의 이재진 교수가 음향감독을 맡았다. 한예진 연기예술학부의 이재진 교수는 “이번 작품 ‘시유어겐’은 조금씩 쌀쌀해지는 이 가을에 잘 어울리는 참 따뜻한 이야기다. 그래서 더욱 관객들에게 편안한 음향과 노래를 들려주기 위해 배우들의 호흡과 관객들의 감성을 건드릴 수 있게 세심한 사운드를 준비했다”라고 소감을 밝혔다. 국민배우 최불암이 예술감독을 맡아 화제가 되고 있는 연극 ‘시유어겐(時遊, again)’은 오는 31일까지 홍대 더 스텀프극장 무대에서 공연된다. 이명선 전문기자 mslee@seoul.co.kr

13일(현지시간) 캘리포니아 오클랜드 오라클 아레나에서 열린 골든게이트 워리어스와 덴버 너제츠와의 프로농구경기에서 워리어스 치어리더들이 농구코트를 독차지한 듯 화려한 포퍼먼스를 펼치고 있다. The Warrior Girls, the Golden State Warriors cheerleaders, preform during a timeout of their game against the Denver Nuggets at ORACLE Arena on October 13, 2015 in Oakland, California. ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1온라인뉴스부 iseoul@seoul.co.kr

＆nbsp;텍사스 레인저스 17번 추신수(34)가 12일(현지시간) 미국 텍사스 주 알링턴의 글로브 라이프 파크에서 벌어진 토론토 블루제이스와의 미국프로야구 아메리칸리그 디비전시리즈 4차전에서 4타수 3안타를 치고 득점 2개를 올렸다.＆nbsp;텍사스 타자 중 가장 활발한 타격을 선사했다. 그러나 팀이 4-8로 패한 탓에＆nbsp;활약은 빛을 잃었다. 생애 두 번째 포스트시즌 출전이다. 사진은 추신수가 8회에서＆nbsp;득점한 뒤 동료들로부터 축하받고 있는 모습이다. Shin-Soo Choo #17 of the Texas Rangers celebrates with teamamtes after scoring a run in the eighth inning against the Toronto Blue Jays in game four of the American League Division Series at Globe Life Park in Arlington on October 12, 2015 in Arlington, Texas.＆nbsp;＆nbsp; ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1온라인뉴스부 iseoul@seoul.co.kr

11일(현지시간) 멕시코 푸에르토 발라르타의 카마로네스 해변에서 열린 국제배구연맹 푸에르토 발라르타 오픈 결승에서 독일 선수(Kira Walkenhorst)가 브라질 선수( Elize Maia )에게 스파이크 공격을 하고 있다. Kira Walkenhorst of Germany spikes the ball against Elize Maia of Brazil during the finals of FIVB Puerto Vallarta Open at Camarones Beach on October 11, 2015 in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1/온라인뉴스부 iseoul@seoul.co.kr

11일(현지시간) 멕시코 푸에르토 발라르타의 카마로네스 해변에서 열린 국제배구연맹 푸에르토 발라르타 오픈 결승에서 이탈리아 마르타 메네가티가 네덜란드 타티네 반 데 블리스트에게 스파이크 공격을 하고 있다. Marta Menegatti of Italy spikes the ball against Jantine van der Vlist of Netherlands during the finals of FIVB Puerto Vallarta Open at Camarones Beach on October 11, 2015 in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1/온라인뉴스부 iseoul@seoul.co.kr

＆nbsp;필라델피아 이글즈 치어리더들이 11일(현지시간) 펜실베니아 필라델피아 링컨 파이낸셜 필드에서 열린 풋볼 뉴올리안즈 세인츠와의 시합에서 열띤 응원을 펼치고 있다. The Philadelphia Eagles cheerleaders perform during a game against the New Orleans Saints at Lincoln Financial Field on October 11, 2015 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles defeated the Saints 39-17.＆nbsp;＆nbsp;

일본 근대산업시설의 유네스코 세계유산 등재 당시 일본 측이 ‘강제 노역’을 언급한 발언이 담긴 회의록이 공개된 것으로 11일 확인됐다. 세계유산위원회는 지난 7월 독일 본에서 열린 제39차 세계유산위원회의 토의 요록을 최근 홈페이지에 게재했다. 공개된 요록에는 당시 사토 구니 주유네스코 일본 대표가 “1940년대에 일부 시설에서 수많은 한국인과 여타 국민이 본인의 의사에 반하여 동원되어(brought against their will) 가혹한 조건하에서 강제로 노역(forced to work)했다”며 “일본은 인포메이션 센터 설치 등 피해자들을 기리기 위한 적절한 조치를 해석 전략에 포함시킬 준비가 되어 있다”고 발언한 것으로 돼 있다. 일본 정부는 등재 결정 직후 ‘forced to work’라는 표현이 강제노동을 인정한 것은 아니라고 주장한 바 있어 일본이 후속 조치를 성실히 이행할지는 여전히 의문이다. 강병철 기자 bckang@seoul.co.kr

오클랜드 라이더스 치어리더들이 11일 캘리포니아 오클랜드의 오 코 콜리시움에서 열린 덴버 브롱코스와의 경기에서 멋진 포퍼먼스를 선보이고 있다. Oakland Raiders cheerleaders support their team against the Denver Broncos at O.co Coliseum on October 11, 2015 in Oakland, California.＆nbsp; ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1온라인뉴스부 iseoul@seoul.co.kr

The Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders(댈라스 카우보이스 치어리더) perform during the first half of the NFL(내셔널 풋볼 리그) game against the New England Patriots(뉴잉글랜드 패트리어츠) at AT&T Stadium on October 11, 2015 in Arlington, Texas. ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1온라인뉴스부 iseoul@seoul.co.kr

Members of the Cincinnati Bengals(신시내티 뱅갈스) cheerleading squad dance in the end zone during the game against the Seattle Seahawks(시애틀 시호크스) at Paul Brown Stadium on October 11, 2015 in Cincinnati, Ohio. ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1온라인뉴스부 iseoul@seoul.co.kr ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1온라인뉴스부 iseoul@seoul.co.kr

오클랜드 라이더스 치어리더들이 11일 캘리포니아 오클랜드의 오 코 콜리시움에서 열린 덴버 브롱코스와의 경기에서 멋진 포퍼먼스를 선보이고 있다. Oakland Raiders cheerleaders support their team against the Denver Broncos at O.co Coliseum on October 11, 2015 in Oakland, California.＆nbsp; ＆nbsp; ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1온라인뉴스부 iseoul@seoul.co.kr

The Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders(댈라스 카우보이스 치어리더) perform during the first half of the NFL(내셔널 풋볼 리그) game against the New England Patriots(뉴잉글랜드 패트리어츠) at AT＆amp;T Stadium on October 11, 2015 in Arlington, Texas. ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1온라인뉴스부 iseoul@seoul.co.kr

Wang Qiang(왕치앙) of China hits a return against Caroline Wozniacki(캐롤린 워즈니아키)of Denmark during their second round women’s singles match at the China Open tennis tournament(차이나 오픈 테니스 토너먼트) in Beijing on October 6, 2015. 왕치앙은 2014 인천 아시안게임 여자 테니스 단식에서 금메달을 땄다. ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1

4일(현지시간) 캘리포니아 산타 클라라의 리바이스 스타디움에서 열린 NFL 그린 베이 팩커스와 샌프라시스코 포티나이너스와의 경기에서 포티나이너스 쿼터백 콜린 케이퍼티크가 패스할 동료를 찾고 있다. Quarterback Colin Kaepernick #7 of the San Francisco 49ers looks to pass against the Green Bay Packers during their NFL game at Levi’s Stadium on October 4, 2015 in Santa Clara, California. ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1

컨트리 음악에 울음을 멈추는 아기의 영상이 유튜브 상에서 인기입니다. 지난달 17일 유튜브에 올라온 40초가량의 영상에는 소파에 앉아 울고 있는 아기의 모습이 보입니다. 여아가 울음을 멈추지 않자 부모는 스마트폰에서 노래 한 곳을 틀어 줍니다. 울던 아기는 마법처럼 울음을 멈춥니다. 부모가 들려준 노래는 미국 컨트리 가수 루크 브라이언(Luke Bryan·39)의 ‘플레이 잇 어게인(Play It Again). 아마도 아기는 엄마 뱃속에서 컨트리 음악을 많이 들었나 봅니다. 사진·영상= country 0826 youtube 영상팀 seoultv@seoul.co.kr

Belinda Bencic(벨린다 벤치치) of Switzerland hits a return against Madison Brengle(메디슨 브렌글) of the US during their first round women’s singles match at the China Open tennis tournament(중국 오픈 테니스 토너먼트) in Beijing on October 5, 2015. ⓒ AFPBBNews=News1