40th Anniversary of Korea-Pakistan Diplomatic Relations…Interview with Pakistan Ambassador to Korea Nabeel Munir This year marks the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between Korea and Pakistan. Could you tell us about your relationship with Korea? Thank you. First of all, thank you for coming and interviewing me. Pakistan and Korea established diplomatic relations in 1983 and that's why we are celebrating 40 years of our establishment of diplomatic relations. But, the actual people to people contacts between Pakistan and Korea are much older. Many of Koreans don't know that buddhism in Korea came from Pakistan. And monk marananta who brought buddhism to Korea almost 1600 years ago was came from Pakistan and his monastery is still here in Korea. In Pakistan, there is also a Buddhist monastery of Monk Marananta in the Swabi region. For the past 40 years, Korea and Pakistan have maintained good relations. During the Korean war, Pakistan supported Korea through financial support, and we were one of the top three financial supporters of Korea during the Korean war. We have an excellent economic relationship and we have a trade relationship that is more than 1.6 billion dollars.  There are many Korean big companies such as Samsung, Kia, Hyundai and Lotte in Pakistan, as well as Korean electric companies that have built hydroelectric power plants. Daewoo, which built Pakistan’s first highway in the 1980s, still have investments in Pakistan and then also on people to people contacts. There are Pakistanis who are living in Korea. There are almost 13,000 Pakistanis living in Korea. They're working in diverse fields. Many of them are students and researchers in the universities. There are Pakistanis laborers who come to Korea. Korea has the EPS and has given a quota to Pakistani laborers. Currently, Korea grants over 2,000 quotas per year to Pakistani workers under the Employment Permit System. Then, we have good defense collaboration and we have good political collaboration. After the ASEAN meeting held in Cambodia last year, the Korean foreign minister visited Pakistan along with the Pakistani foreign minister. I think there is great potential to expand cooperation in the economic aspect between the two countries in the future. We have a population of 240 million and if you compare it with Korea, that's about five times. So you can imagine how big the economy. We have a very large middle class and fortunately, the young population is very large, accounting for 65% of the total population. Korea has a declining population, but, we have one of the fastest growing populations in the world. So, I think that is also why there is human resource that we can provide to Korea as well. I mean that although we have maintained good relations already, but there is a lot of potential for further expansion in the future.Can you please tell us the history and culture that you'd like more Korean to know about Pakistan? As I said, currently, Pakistan is a young country with a population of 240 million, but it has a long history as the origin of several ancient civilizations such as the Indus Civilization. In Pakistan, relics from before the Gandhara Kingdom of 8,500 years ago still remain. So we are one of the oldest civilizations in the world. Then of course, there are stupas from thousands of years ago related to the Gandhara civilization based on Buddhism. Old cities such as Taxila remain, which were centers of art, religion and education during the heyday of Buddhist culture in the 5th century BC. Taxila, located between the Indus and Hydaspes rivers, was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1980. Pakistan has five of the world's 14 highest mountains, including K2 (8611m), the second highest in the world. Nanga Parbat, which is over 8000m high, is considered a dangerous mountain to climb. Adventurous tourists can enjoy river rafting, and there are many beautiful mountains that can be climbed by normal person like me. Pakistan has three of the world's greatest mountain ranges, the Karakoram, Hindu Kush and Himalayas. And we have many tourist attractions including beautiful sandy beaches, deserts, cultural history and religious tourism that can be recognized by name. And we have beautiful four seasons. Due to geographical characteristics, even during summer, we can have a temperature of minus 20 and plus 40 at the same time. Yes, it‘s a big country. Pakistan has an area of 800,000 square kilometers which is 8 times the size of South Korea. So it's a big country. Pakistan was a British colony for 90 years from 1857 and gained independence in 1947. So, the history of the independence movement is also similar to that of Korea. We also went through difficult wars such as the Korean War. Can you introduce some tourist spots in Pakistan to Koreans that Koreans might like? Our national religion is islam, but a lot of Buddhist culture remains. The ‘Statue of Penance of Siddhartha’ in the Lahore Museum is a very important Buddha statue for Buddhists, and was sculpted around the 2nd century as a work of Gandhara art that combines Greek Hellenism and Buddhism. Takti-Bahi, a Buddhist temple built in the early 1st century, is one of the largest and best-preserved Buddhist temples. In my hometown, Lahore, you can see the buildings of the Mughal Empire, which was once the world's largest economy. The beautiful Deosai National Park is an alpine zone with an altitude of 3500 to 5200 m, and is a place of outstanding ecological value. Multan, in the Punjab province, is home to numerous archaeological sites from the early Harappan period of the Indus Valley Civilization, 3300 BC. In addition, there are the Pakistani National Faisal Mosque in the capital, Islamabad, the Mohenjodaro Archaeological Site, the oldest in South Asia, and the Cholistan Desert. The Kalasha are the smallest ethnic group in Pakistan, with only a few thousand remaining. It has been designated as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage as an ancient tribe with its own way of life, religion, and language. In Multan, a pottery craft called 'Kashi', which is called blue pottery art, is still going on. Truck art is a popular decorative form in South Asia, and truck art in Pakistan is famous for its elaborate and colorful floral patterns and calligraphy.  What should Koreans do to travel to Pakistan? Are there any safety or security issues? There are no direct flights from Korea yet, but it's not too far. There are flights via Bangkok, China, Dubai, Qatar, etc. The shortest route is via Bangkok. It takes about 4 hours from Bangkok to Pakistan. Perhaps if there is a direct flight, you can go to Pakistan in about 6 hours. There are a lot of negative media reports about security issues. There were some security issues a few years ago, but now most Pakistani cities and tourist destinations are considered safe. And also, it is not difficult to apply for a visa and make hotel reservations.   Please tell us about the Korean wave that pakistani are interested in. Korea is becoming very well known. K-pop and k-drama are popular in Pakistan. You can find a lot of BTS fans in Pakistan and my own niece can speak a little bit of Korean now because she watches K-drama through NETFLIX. K-culture is gaining popularity in Pakistan and the Korean Embassy in Pakistan is also planning an event to invite K-pop stars to Pakistan. Personally, I like Korean dramas, so I watched ‘Squid Game’ and ‘Crash Landing on You’.    What are some travel destinations you've been to in Korea so far and which travel destinations in Korea you would like to recommend to Pakistan? I think it’s Busan. I've been to Busan many times and Busan is beautiful city. I also went to the Pyeongchang Ski Resort, where the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics were held, and it was really beautiful. Also, the DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) in northern Gyeonggi Province and Pohang were also very good. Recently, I went to Jeju Island. Jeju Island is also a wonderful place.  The most memorable places in Busan are Haeundae Beach and Haedong Yonggungsa Temple. What should be done to make exchanges between Pakistan and Korea more active in the future? I believe that people to people exchange is the foundation of all relationships. When people get to know the other country then they get more interested and then everything else follows whether it's economy whether it's political context whether it's culture. The priority is for more Pakistanis to visit Korea and more Koreans to visit Pakistan. I think more Koreans need to visit Pakistan to clear up their misunderstandings and concerns about Pakistan. I always say that Pakistan is a beautiful country, a safe country to travel in, and a good place to do business that can provide very good opportunities for Korean companies.Yeah. So are you planning to have any big events or conference? Because this year marks the 40th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relationship between Korean and Pakistan. We will be having an investment conference at Ambassador Hotel in Seoul on 27th of July for which Pakistan's minister for investment is coming. In August, a music night will be held with the support of the Seoul National Cemetery. It will be held at the outdoor theater of the National Seoul Museum. On August 11, concerts such as Arirang will be held in Pakistan. Every October, a multicultural festival held under the theme of one country is held in Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do. This year's theme is Pakistan. Pakistani musicians give a cultural performance. We are planning a music concert in Seoul in October with cultural and musicians from Pakistan. Although no date has been set yet, the Kandara exhibition is being planned with the Korean Cultural Heritage Administration and the Jogye Order.   <편집자 주>지구촌 별별 이야기를 담는 나우뉴스는 외국인 오피니언 리더들의 눈과 입을 통해 세계의 다양하고 유익한 정보를 전하는 ‘헬로 월드’를 연재하고 있습니다. 인터뷰는 유엔공식벤더로 인정받은 통역번역 전문법인 (주)제이엠 커넥티드 임지민 대표와 함께 진행합니다.  진행 임지민 통번역사·JM커넥티드 대표 jc@jmconnected.co.kr

한 시간 전쯤 맑았던 하늘이 금세 어두워져 빗줄기를 내린다 싶더니 그새 다시 맑아 햇살을 비춘다. 요즘의 변화무쌍(變化無雙)한 날씨는 기상예보를 따돌리듯 천변만화(千變萬化)로 그 모습을 바꿔나간다. 변덕꾸러기 날씨에 대비해 당연하다는 듯 차량 한 켠에 우산과 여분의 양말을 준비하다보면, 어느새 날씨에 맞춰 삶이 변화했음을 체감케 된다. 우리의 삶을 변화시킨 것이 비단 요란스런 날씨만 있는 것은 아니다. 전 세계를 떠들썩하게 만들었던 코로나19 팬데믹(COVID-19) 또한 우리 삶의 많은 부분을 변화시켰다. 알파부터 오미크론까지 다양한 변이를 거치며 익숙해질 것 같지 않았던 마스크 착용도 이젠 자연스러운 삶의 일부가 된 지금, 잃어버렸던 일상의 회복을 준비하는 국립공원의 탐방에 대하여 이야기하는 시간을 갖고자 한다. 코로나19 팬데믹이 장기화되며 국민들이 선호하는 탐방문화 또한 그 형태를 달리하고 있다. 정상정복, 종주산행 등이 주가 되었던 이전과 다르게 ‘2021년 국립공원 탐방관리 전략’ 조사결과, 부담 없이 즐기는‘저지대 트레킹’과 심리적 만족감을 채워 주는‘한적한 산행’이 선호되고 있다. 또한 다인(多人), 다박(多泊)의 형태에서 이제는 가족, 연인과 함께하는 소규모 당일 탐방으로 트렌트가 변하고 있다. 국립공원공단에서는 맞춤형 생태관광 운영, 탐방로 예약제 구간 확대, 자연치유 소리영상(ASMR), 비대면 탐방 영상과 체험키트를 활용한 셀프 탐방프로그램등 국민들이 즐길 수 있는 다양한 탐방프로그램을 제공하며 변화하는 탐방 트렌드에 발맞춰 가고 있다. 무등산국립공원은 여기서 한 발짝 더 나아가 국립공원의 아름다운 자연을 활용하여 건강과 치유를 누릴 수 있는 새로운 탐방서비스를 제공한다. 챗봇(ChatBot)을 활용한 셀프탐방프로그램 ‘출동! 달콩수호대’는 무등산의 명소를 안전한 비대면 방식으로, 미션을 수행하면서 지친 일상을 회복하고 생활의 활력을 얻을 수 있도록 기획된 프로그램이다. 기존의 단체탐방에서 자연환경해설사의 역할이었던 현장해설을 휴대폰 앱을 통해 제공함으로써 소규모의 탐방객 그룹이 시간과 공간에 구애받지 않고 무등산의 곳곳을 탐방할 수 있다. 더불어 문자로 진행되는 챗봇의 특성을 활용하여 중국어와 일본어 등 다국어 서비스를 지원해 이용자의 폭을 넓히고 있다. 또한 광주광역시, 광주여자대학교 미용과학과와 협력한 웰니스(wellness) 탐방프로그램 운영을 준비 중으로, 국립공원이 가지는 건강과 치유의 기능을 한 단계 끌어올릴 예정이다. 봄, 여름, 가을, 겨울 사계절 자연환경을 담은 색으로 본인에게 어울리는 이미지를 찾아주는 ‘퍼스널컬러(personal color)’, 자연친화적 치유와 면역향상을 돕는 천연향을 시향 하는 ‘광주향(香)’ 등의 웰니스 프로그램은 무등산과 뷰티(beauty)를 결합함으로써 지친 국민들의 심신안정 및 건강한 삶에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 이렇듯 코로나가 가져온 변화로 국립공원은 큰 영향을 받았고, 그 변화의 바람은 여전히 현재 진행형이다. 앞으로도 국립공원은 빠르게 변화하는 국민들의 삶에 발맞춰 늘 새로운 브랜드 가치를 발굴하고 알맞은 탐방 환경을 조성하여 변화에 대비할 것이다. 내년 3월 4일은 광주의 명산 무등산이 국립공원이라는 옷을 입고 10주년이 되는 해이다. ‘10년이면 강산이 변한다.’라는 표현이 있듯이, 10년이라는 시간은 많은 것들을 변화시킨다. 그러나 변하지 않는 것도 있다. 국립공원은 언제나 국민들의 옆에 자리하며 자연의 혜택을 되돌려드릴 것이라는 점이다.

다음은 저커버그가 딸 맥스에게 보낸 편지 전문이다. A letter to our daughter 　Dear Max, 　Your mother and I don‘t yet have the words to describe the hope you give us for the future. Your new life is full of promise, and we hope you will be happy and healthy so you can explore it fully. You’ve already given us a reason to reflect on the world we hope you live in. 　Like all parents, we want you to grow up in a world better than ours today. 　While headlines often focus on what‘s wrong, in many ways the world is getting better. Health is improving. Poverty is shrinking. Knowledge is growing. People are connecting. Technological progress in every field means your life should be dramatically better than ours today. 　We will do our part to make this happen, not only because we love you, but also because we have a moral responsibility to all children in the next generation. 　We believe all lives have equal value, and that includes the many more people who will live in future generations than live today. Our society has an obligation to invest now to improve the lives of all those coming into this world, not just those already here. 　But right now, we don’t always collectively direct our resources at the biggest opportunities and problems your generation will face. 　Consider disease. Today we spend about 50 times more as a society treating people who are sick than we invest in research so you won‘t get sick in the first place. 　Medicine has only been a real science for less than 100 years, and we’ve already seen complete cures for some diseases and good progress for others. As technology accelerates, we have a real shot at preventing, curing or managing all or most of the rest in the next 100 years. 　Today, most people die from five things -- heart disease, cancer, stroke, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases -- and we can make faster progress on these and other problems. 　Once we recognize that your generation and your children‘s generation may not have to suffer from disease, we collectively have a responsibility to tilt our investments a bit more towards the future to make this reality. Your mother and I want to do our part. 　Curing disease will take time. Over short periods of five or ten years, it may not seem like we’re making much of a difference. But over the long term, seeds planted now will grow, and one day, you or your children will see what we can only imagine: a world without suffering from disease. 　There are so many opportunities just like this. If society focuses more of its energy on these great challenges, we will leave your generation a much better world. • • • 　Our hopes for your generation focus on two ideas: advancing human potential and promoting equality. 　Advancing human potential is about pushing the boundaries on how great a human life can be. 　Can you learn and experience 100 times more than we do today? 　Can our generation cure disease so you live much longer and healthier lives? 　Can we connect the world so you have access to every idea, person and opportunity? 　Can we harness more clean energy so you can invent things we can‘t conceive of today while protecting the environment? 　Can we cultivate entrepreneurship so you can build any business and solve any challenge to grow peace and prosperity? 　Promoting equality is about making sure everyone has access to these opportunities -- regardless of the nation, families or circumstances they are born into. 　Our society must do this not only for justice or charity, but for the greatness of human progress. 　Today we are robbed of the potential so many have to offer. The only way to achieve our full potential is to channel the talents, ideas and contributions of every person in the world. 　Can our generation eliminate poverty and hunger? 　Can we provide everyone with basic healthcare? 　Can we build inclusive and welcoming communities? 　Can we nurture peaceful and understanding relationships between people of all nations? 　Can we truly empower everyone -- women, children, underrepresented minorities, immigrants and the unconnected? 　If our generation makes the right investments, the answer to each of these questions can be yes -- and hopefully within your lifetime. 　• • • 　This mission -- advancing human potential and promoting equality -- will require a new approach for all working towards these goals. 　We must make long term investments over 25, 50 or even 100 years. The greatest challenges require very long time horizons and cannot be solved by short term thinking. 　We must engage directly with the people we serve. We can’t empower people if we don‘t understand the needs and desires of their communities. 　We must build technology to make change. Many institutions invest money in these challenges, but most progress comes from productivity gains through innovation. 　We must participate in policy and advocacy to shape debates. Many institutions are unwilling to do this, but progress must be supported by movements to be sustainable. 　We must back the strongest and most independent leaders in each field. Partnering with experts is more effective for the mission than trying to lead efforts ourselves. 　We must take risks today to learn lessons for tomorrow. We’re early in our learning and many things we try won‘t work, but we’ll listen and learn and keep improving. 　• • • 　Our experience with personalized learning, internet access, and community education and health has shaped our philosophy. 　Our generation grew up in classrooms where we all learned the same things at the same pace regardless of our interests or needs. 　Your generation will set goals for what you want to become -- like an engineer, health worker, writer or community leader. You‘ll have technology that understands how you learn best and where you need to focus. You’ll advance quickly in subjects that interest you most, and get as much help as you need in your most challenging areas. You‘ll explore topics that aren’t even offered in schools today. Your teachers will also have better tools and data to help you achieve your goals. 　Even better, students around the world will be able to use personalized learning tools over the internet, even if they don‘t live near good schools. Of course it will take more than technology to give everyone a fair start in life, but personalized learning can be one scalable way to give all children a better education and more equal opportunity. 　We’re starting to build this technology now, and the results are already promising. Not only do students perform better on tests, but they gain the skills and confidence to learn anything they want. And this journey is just beginning. The technology and teaching will rapidly improve every year you‘re in school. 　Your mother and I have both taught students and we’ve seen what it takes to make this work. It will take working with the strongest leaders in education to help schools around the world adopt personalized learning. It will take engaging with communities, which is why we‘re starting in our San Francisco Bay Area community. It will take building new technology and trying new ideas. And it will take making mistakes and learning many lessons before achieving these goals. 　But once we understand the world we can create for your generation, we have a responsibility as a society to focus our investments on the future to make this reality. 　Together, we can do this. And when we do, personalized learning will not only help students in good schools, it will help provide more equal opportunity to anyone with an internet connection. 　• • • 　Many of the greatest opportunities for your generation will come from giving everyone access to the internet. 　People often think of the internet as just for entertainment or communication. But for the majority of people in the world, the internet can be a lifeline. 　It provides education if you don’t live near a good school. It provides health information on how to avoid diseases or raise healthy children if you don‘t live near a doctor. It provides financial services if you don’t live near a bank. It provides access to jobs and opportunities if you don‘t live in a good economy. 　The internet is so important that for every 10 people who gain internet access, about one person is lifted out of poverty and about one new job is created. 　Yet still more than half of the world’s population -- more than 4 billion people -- don‘t have access to the internet. 　If our generation connects them, we can lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. We can also help hundreds of millions of children get an education and save millions of lives by helping people avoid disease. 　This is another long term effort that can be advanced by technology and partnership. It will take inventing new technology to make the internet more affordable and bring access to unconnected areas. It will take partnering with governments, non-profits and companies. It will take engaging with communities to understand what they need. Good people will have different views on the best path forward, and we will try many efforts before we succeed. 　But together we can succeed and create a more equal world. 　• • • 　Technology can’t solve problems by itself. Building a better world starts with building strong and healthy communities. 　Children have the best opportunities when they can learn. And they learn best when they‘re healthy. 　Health starts early -- with loving family, good nutrition and a safe, stable environment. 　Children who face traumatic experiences early in life often develop less healthy minds and bodies. Studies show physical changes in brain development leading to lower cognitive ability. 　Your mother is a doctor and educator, and she has seen this firsthand. 　If you have an unhealthy childhood, it’s difficult to reach your full potential. 　If you have to wonder whether you‘ll have food or rent, or worry about abuse or crime, then it’s difficult to reach your full potential. 　If you fear you‘ll go to prison rather than college because of the color of your skin, or that your family will be deported because of your legal status, or that you may be a victim of violence because of your religion, sexual orientation or gender identity, then it’s difficult to reach your full potential. 　We need institutions that understand these issues are all connected. That‘s the philosophy of the new type of school your mother is building. 　By partnering with schools, health centers, parent groups and local governments, and by ensuring all children are well fed and cared for starting young, we can start to treat these inequities as connected. Only then can we collectively start to give everyone an equal opportunity. 　It will take many years to fully develop this model. But it’s another example of how advancing human potential and promoting equality are tightly linked. If we want either, we must first build inclusive and healthy communities. 　• • • 　For your generation to live in a better world, there is so much more our generation can do. 　Today your mother and I are committing to spend our lives doing our small part to help solve these challenges. I will continue to serve as Facebook‘s CEO for many, many years to come, but these issues are too important to wait until you or we are older to begin this work. By starting at a young age, we hope to see compounding benefits throughout our lives. 　As you begin the next generation of the Chan Zuckerberg family, we also begin the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to join people across the world to advance human potential and promote equality for all children in the next generation. Our initial areas of focus will be personalized learning, curing disease, connecting people and building strong communities. 　We will give 99% of our Facebook shares -- currently about $45 billion -- during our lives to advance this mission. We know this is a small contribution compared to all the resources and talents of those already working on these issues. But we want to do what we can, working alongside many others. 　We’ll share more details in the coming months once we settle into our new family rhythm and return from our maternity and paternity leaves. We understand you‘ll have many questions about why and how we’re doing this. 　As we become parents and enter this next chapter of our lives, we want to share our deep appreciation for everyone who makes this possible. 　We can do this work only because we have a strong global community behind us. Building Facebook has created resources to improve the world for the next generation. Every member of the Facebook community is playing a part in this work. 　We can make progress towards these opportunities only by standing on the shoulders of experts -- our mentors, partners and many incredible people whose contributions built these fields. 　And we can only focus on serving this community and this mission because we are surrounded by loving family, supportive friends and amazing colleagues. We hope you will have such deep and inspiring relationships in your life too. 　Max, we love you and feel a great responsibility to leave the world a better place for you and all children. We wish you a life filled with the same love, hope and joy you give us. We can‘t wait to see what you bring to this world. 　Love, 　Mom and Dad