K-POP 팬들에게 오랫동안 사랑받아온 프로듀싱팀 스윗튠(SWEETUNE)이 이번에는 오드유스(ODD YOUTH)와 만났다. 오는 19일 컴백을 앞둔 오드유스의 세 번째 싱글 타이틀곡 ‘can’t go back‘의 프로듀싱을 스윗튠이 맡은 사실이 공개되며 신곡을 향한 기대감이 높아지고 있다. 스윗튠은 2세대 K-POP을 대표하는 다수의 히트곡을 탄생시킨 프로듀싱팀이다. 카라의 ‘미스터’, ‘루팡’, ‘STEP’, 인피니트의 ‘내꺼하자’, ‘추격자’, ‘BTD’, 나인뮤지스의 ‘Dolls’, ‘Wild’, ‘NEWS’ 등이 스윗튠의 손을 거쳤다. 강렬한 멜로디와 뚜렷한 팀 컬러로 오랜 시간 K-POP 팬들에게 사랑받아온 곡들이다. 시대가 지나도 다시 언급되는 스윗튠 특유의 음악적 색깔이 신예 걸그룹 오드유스와 만나 어떤 결과물을 만들어냈을지 기대를 모은다. 이번 ‘can’t go back‘은 오드유스가 데뷔 후 처음 선보이는 서머 싱글의 타이틀곡이다. 시원하고 톡 쏘는 스파클링 사운드와 함께 “I can’t go back”이라는 메시지처럼, 뒤돌아보지 않고 거침없이 나아가는 Z세대의 대담한 에너지를 담았다. 앞서 오드유스는 콘셉트 포토를 통해 푸른 여름을 배경으로 한 눈부신 비주얼과 키치한 스타일링을 선보이며 새로운 ‘서머퀸’으로서의 변신을 예고했다. 이어 공개된 뮤직비디오 티저를 통해 신곡의 분위기까지 베일을 벗으며 완성곡을 향한 궁금증을 더욱 끌어올렸다. 공식 MV 티저는 오드유스 채널을 통해 공개됐으며, 신곡은 19일 오후 6시 발매된다. 눈부신 비주얼과 청량한 에너지로 ‘서머퀸’ 출사표를 던진 오드유스가 스윗튠과 함께 완성한 ‘can’t go back‘으로 또 하나의 K-POP 서머송을 탄생시킬 수 있을지 기대가 모인다. 한편 오드유스의 세 번째 싱글 ‘can’t go back‘은 오는 8월 19일 오후 6시 각종 음원 사이트를 통해 공개된다.

위안부 할머니들을 모욕했다는 논란의 중심에 섰던 일본 SPA(제조·유통 일괄) 의류브랜드 유니클로 운영사 에프알엘코리아가 여성가족부로부터 가족친화인증을 받은 것으로 알려져 논란이 일고 있다. 19일 여성가족부에 따르면 에프알엘코리아는 올해 자녀출산 및 양육지원, 유연 근무 등 가족친화제도를 모범적으로 운영하는 기업에 부여되는 ‘가족친화인증’을 받았다. 가족친화 우수기업 인증은 가정과 직장 생활을 조화롭게 병행하는 사회환경 조성을 촉진하고자 2008년부터 도입된 제도다. 이 인증을 받으면 정부와 지방자치단체에서 시행하는 사업 관련 사업자 선정 시 가점을 받고, 출입국 심사 시 우대를 받는 등 220개의 인센티브가 제공된다. 에프알엘코리아를 포함해 총 4340개 기업·기관이 이 인증을 받았다. 에프알엘코리아는 “임직원의 업무 효율과 삶의 질 향상을 위해 시차출근제 및 탄력 근무제 등 유연한 근무방식을 적극적으로 권장하는 한편, 자녀출산과 양육을 지원하는 모성보호 제도를 활발히 사용해 여성의 경력단절 예방에 힘쓴다는 점을 높이 평가받았다”며 “실제로 육아휴직, 임신기 및 육아기 근로시간 단축 등 모성보호 제도를 사용하는 직원 비율이 높다”고 밝혔다. 그러나 유니클로가 지난해 위안부 모독 논란에 중심에 있었다는 점, 일본 유니클로 본사 임원이 ‘한국의 불매 운동 영향이 오래가지 않을 것’이라며 발언하며 일본의 대한국 수출규제로 촉발된 반일감정에 기름을 부은 점 등을 고려할 때 여가부의 기업 선정이 부적절했다는 비판이 거세지고 있다. ‘불붙은 민심에 기름을 붓는 여성가족부를 폐지시켜 주십시오’라는 청와대 국민청원도 올라온 상황이다.“진정한 퇴출운동 펼쳐야 한다” 지난해 유니클로는 공식 유튜브 계정에 백발의 98세 외국인 여성과 13세 소녀가 등장하는 광고를 올렸다. “제 나이 때는 어떤 옷을 입으셨나요?”라는 질문에 광고 속 할머니는 “세상에, 그렇게 오래된 일은 기억 못한다”(Oh My God, I can’t remember that far back)라고 답한다. 한국 광고에서는 “맙소사, 80년도 더 된 일을 기억하냐고?”라고 의역된 자막이 달렸다. 일각에서는 유니클로가 굳이 90대 할머니가 우리나라에는 일제 강점기인 80년 전을 언급하며 기억 못한다고 하는 등 실제 대사와 달리 번역한 것은 우리나라의 위안부 관련 문제 제기를 조롱한 것 아니냐는 의혹이 제기됐다. 광고 속 ‘80년 전’은 1939년으로 우리나라가 일본의 탄압을 받던 일제 강점기 시기로 당시 일본은 ‘국가 총동원법’을 근거로 강제징용을 본격화했고, 해방 직전까지 강제 징용에 동원된 인구만 몇백만명에 이른다. 당시 서경덕 성신여대 교수는 “이건 정말 의도된 광고라고 밖에 볼 수 없다. 유니클로는 이제 완전히 돌아올 수 없는 선을 넘었다. 이젠 우리 네티즌들과 불매운동을 넘어 진정한 퇴출운동을 펼쳐 나가야겠다”고 말했다. 유니클로는 “98세와 13세 모델이 세대를 넘어 유니클로 후리스를 즐긴다는 점을 더 직관적으로 전달하기 위해 80년이라는 숫자를 넣은 것”이라며 “위안부 문제나 한일 관계에 대한 의도는 전혀 없었고, 생각도 하지 못했다”고 해명했다.불매운동 어디까지 왔나… 매출 반토막 일본 유니클로 본사 임원은 ‘한국의 불매 운동 영향이 오래가지 않을 것’이라고 말했지만 2011년 문을 열었던 서울 중구 유니클로 명동중앙점은 내년 1월 31일부로 문을 닫게 됐다. 지난해부터 이어진 반일 불매운동으로 인한 실적 악화에 코로나19로 명동 상권이 몰락하며 국내에서 유니클로의 상징으로 꼽혔던 매장이 없어지게 된 것이다. 아시아에서는 최대 규모의 유니클로 매장이었던 명동점은 개점 당일 20억 원의 매출을 올리며 국내 단일 의류매장으로 하루 매출 최대라는 신기록을 쓰기도 했다. 유니클로는 명동중앙점 외에도 서울 중구 을지로 롯데피트인점을 비롯한 8개 매장의 영업을 이달 중 종료한다. 유니클로의 한국 매출도 1년 만에 반 토막이 났다. 최근 공시에 따르면 2020회계연도(2019년 9월∼2020년 8월) 매출은 6298억 원으로 전년 동기(1조3781억 원)보다 54% 줄었다. 2004년 일본 패스트리테일링그룹과 롯데쇼핑이 각각 51%, 49% 출자해 만든 합작사로 한국에 진출한 유니클로는 2015회계연도부터 2020회계연도까지 5년 연속 1조 원이 넘는 매출을 올리며 승승장구했다. 하지만 지난해 불거진 반일 불매운동의 핵심 타깃으로 거론되며 타격을 받았다. 지난해 187곳이었던 매장은 현재 165곳으로 줄었다.“국민은 불매하는데 우수기업이라니” “국민들은 불매운동중인데 정부는 우수기업 인증을 해주면 국민들은 뭐가되나?”라는 지적에 여가부는 “고시되는 기준은 정량적으로 돼 있다. 사전에 예고된 기준에 ‘사회적 물의를 일으킨 곳’ 등의 명시적 기준은 없었다”고 해명했다. 인증제의 목표가 사기업에 유연 근무 등 가족친화제도의 도입을 활성화하는 것이기에 기준을 충족한 기업들에 대해 인증을 부여하고 있다는 것이다. 여가부는 “사회적 물의를 일으킨 기업이라는 점에서 봤을 때 적절하지 않다는 것에 대해서는 동의한다”면서 “향후 여성인권 침해 여부 등의 기준들까지 고려하는 제도적 보완을 검토할 예정”이라고 밝혔다. 김유민 기자 planet@seoul.co.kr

일본 SPA(제조·유통 일괄) 의류브랜드 유니클로가 최근 광고를 통해 위안부 할머니들을 모욕했다는 논란의 중심에 섰다. 문제가 된 광고는 지난 1일 유니클로 공식 유튜브 계정에 올라온 것으로 백발의 98세 외국인 여성과 13세 소녀가 등장한다. “제 나이 때는 어떤 옷을 입으셨나요?”라는 질문에 광고 속 할머니는 “세상에, 그렇게 오래된 일은 기억 못한다”(Oh My God, I can’t remember that far back)라고 답한다. 한국 광고에서는 “맙소사, 80년도 더 된 일을 기억하냐고?”라고 의역된 자막이 달렸다. 일각에서는 유니클로가 굳이 90대 할머니가 우리나라에는 일제 강점기인 80년 전을 언급하며 기억 못한다고 하는 등 실제 대사와 달리 번역한 것은 우리나라의 위안부 관련 문제 제기를 조롱한 것 아니냐는 의혹을 제기하고 있다. 광고 속 ‘80년 전’은 1939년으로 우리나라가 일본의 탄압을 받던 일제 강점기 시기다. 당시 일본은 ‘국가 총동원법’을 근거로 강제징용을 본격화했고, 해방 직전까지 강제 징용에 동원된 인구만 몇백만명에 이른다. 서경덕 성신여대 교수는 18일 “이건 정말 의도된 광고라고 밖에 볼 수 없다. 유니클로는 이제 완전히 돌아올 수 없는 선을 넘었다. 이젠 우리 네티즌들과 불매운동을 넘어 진정한 퇴출운동을 펼쳐 나가야겠다”고 말했다.유니클로는 “98세와 13세 모델이 세대를 넘어 유니클로 후리스를 즐긴다는 점을 더 직관적으로 전달하기 위해 80년이라는 숫자를 넣은 것”이라며 “위안부 문제나 한일 관계에 대한 의도는 전혀 없었고, 생각도 하지 못했다”고 해명했다. 유니클로의 한국 내 180여개 매장 영업은 일본 본사인 패스트리테일링과 롯데쇼핑이 각각 지분 51%, 49%를 보유한 합작법인 에프알엘코리아가 맡고 있다. 금융감독원 전자공시시스템에 따르면 에프알엘코리아의 지난해 매출은 1조3732억원으로, 지난해 패스트리테일링이 기록한 전체 매출 21조3400억원의 6.5% 상당을 차지한다. 국가별 매출순위로는 한국이 일본, 중국에 이어 3위다. 최근 일본의 인터넷 매체들은 유니클로의 대규모 세일 행사가 성황을 이루며 매출이 회복세를 보이고 있다는 한국 언론의 소식을 전하고 “일본 불매운동에 벌써 질렸나? 유니클로 사장의 말이 헛말이 아니었다”고 전했다. 일본 네티즌들은 SNS를 통해 “한국은 작심삼일 같은 곳이네” “역시 유니클로 사장의 예언대로군” “불매운동에 질린 게 아니다. 일제가 없으면 아무 것도 남지 않는다는 걸 이해하고 불매를 포기한 것이다” “역시 자존심이란 없는 민족이군” 등의 조롱하는 반응을 보였다. 김유민 기자 planet@seoul.co.kr

일본 브랜드 유니클로 광고가 논란에 휩싸였다. 광고에 등장하는 “80년도 더 된 일을 어떻게 기억하냐”는 발언이 일제강점기 시대를 겨냥한 것이라는 의혹 때문. 유니클로는 지난 1일 일본 공식 유튜브 채널에 새로운 광고 영상을 공개했다. 해당 영상은 지난 15일부터 국내 TV광고로도 방영되고 있다. 15초 분량의 광고에서는 98세의 패션 컬렉터 할머니와 13세인 패션 디자이너 소녀가 이야기를 나누는 식으로 이야기가 흘러간다. 영삭 속 소녀가 “스타일이 완전 좋은데요. 제 나이 때는 어떻게 입으셨나요”라고 묻자 할머니는 “맙소사. 80년도 더 된 일을 기억하냐”라고 답한다. 논란이 되는 부분은 80년도 더 된 일을 어떻게 기억하냐고 말한 부분이다. 영상 속에서 언급된 80년 전인 1939년은 우리나라가 일본의 탄압을 받던 일제 강점기다. 이에 네티즌들은 해당 발언이 일본의 과거사에 대한 태도와 관련이 있다고 해석하며 비판을 제기했다. 또 할머니와 소녀가 등장해 이러한 대화를 나누는 것이 위안부 문제에 대한 무시와 조롱과도 관련 있다는 해석까지 나오며 뜨거운 논란이 되고 있다. 특히 해당 영상의 대사는 “Oh my God, I can’t remember that far back”으로 “맙소사, 그렇게 오래된 일을 어떻게 기억하냐고?” 정도로 해석이 가능하다. 하지만 한국 광고에서는 자막에서 굳이 ‘80년도 더 된 일’이라고 직접적인 년도를 언급해 의도성이 다분하다는 의견이 나오고 있는 것. 서경덕 성신여대 교수는 한 매체와의 인터뷰에서 유니클로 광고 논란에 대해 “해당 광고를 상세히 봤는데 100% 의도한 것이 맞는 것 같다”는 의견을 내놨다. 그는 “한글 자막에만 ‘80년’이라는 자막을 특정한 것에는 다분히 의도가 있어 보인다. 자막에 제시된 80년 전은 국가 총동원령이 내려지며 강제 동원 등 만행이 자행되던 시기”라고 설명했다. 이보희 기자 boh2@seoul.co.kr

[The 2019 Migrant Report]In the past 10 years(2009-2018), 43 people out of 143 Nepali migrants who died in South Korea took their own lives- meaning 3 out of 10 deaths involved suicides. The Seoul Shinmun confirmed the figure through the Embassy of Nepal in Seoul and found out most of the cases involved migrant workers who entered the country with E-9 visa. Yet, a bigger tragedy lurks behind their unsung deaths as neither the Government of South Korea nor the Government of Nepal pays much attention to these recurring problems. In 2018, Nepal sent the largest number of non-professional or low-skilled migrant workers(8,404) to South Korea. Obviously, they come to this country for the so-called ‘Korean Dream’. But then, why did so many of them have to die on South Korean soil? From August 26th to September 2nd, the Seoul Shinmun met with some forty people in cities throughout Nepal -such as Kathmandu, Dong Kharka and Pokhara. These people included family members of migrant workers as well as Nepali youths who were dreaming of coming to South Korea to work one day. Three Stories of Betrayed Korean Dreams #Kedar Timalsina(28) An adult-size coffin wrapped with cardboard boxes and plastic tapes was carried out of the Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu. Inside the coffin lay a 28-year-old man named Kedar Timalsina. When his body was found around midnight on July 20th in Saha District, Busan, he was already dead as he apparently hanged himself in the storage of a seafood processing factory. Waiting for him at the airport arrival site were some men from Kedar’s family. “This paper doesn‘t say anything about why Kedar killed himself,” they mumbled among themselves while sifting through the pages of the simple document sent from South Korean police. Kedar’s family said they did not understand why he had to make such an extreme choice to kill himself. It had been only 25 days since his wife Bandana Timalsina gave birth to their first son. The newborn looked like his father. “You know, I even heard Kedar threw a big party to celebrate the birth of this baby. Why would such a man kill himself? It doesn’t make any sense,” said Bandana’s older brother. Besides, Kedar had an aging mother who just turned 60 and would need his care more than before. What further frustrated the grieving family was the abhorring silence and indifference. Neither South Korea nor Nepal provided an adequate explanation. The Embassy of Nepal in Seoul and South Korean police seemed they were done with the case since they had returned the body to his family. South Korean police never investigated surveillance cameras installed in the factory or carried out forensics on Kedar’s mobile phone. The police said, “We found no evidence of murder on his body. Moreover, we understand he had a clear motivation to commit suicide.” “How can they not even review the CCTV and mobile phone? Is this how South Korea handles things?” Bandana‘s older brother asked a Korean reporter sitting in front of them. According to South Korean police, on the other hand, Kedar’s family was the “clear motivation” behind his suicide. Citing a statement made by Kedar’s co-worker, the police explained that Kedar had recently purchased some land, which turned out to be a fraud. “It’s a lie!” Listening to the Korean reporter relaying what he had heard from the police, Kedar’s family got furious. They insisted, “He bought the land a year ago for 2.90 million rupees (roughly 30 million Korean won) but now the price has gone up to 4.35 million rupees (roughly 43.5 million Korean won).” None of Kedar’s personal belongings were returned to his family. The police said, ”The Nepali Embassy told us that his family did not want his items back.“ The family‘s account was different. They said they had never communicated with the Embassy about Kedar’s personal belongings. ”We are responsible for confirming the identity and death certificate in order to promptly return the body back to his family in Nepal. The Embassy does not send back items unless they are important,“ the Embassy of Nepal replied when asked about it. On the day of the arrival, the family took Kedar’s body to the Bagmati River, an important tributary of the Ganges. When Bandana opened the cover of the coffin to see her husband for the last time, she burst into tears caressing his face. ”Why… What should I do with our baby?“ Kedar’s family moistened his mouth with water from the Ganges and put fire into the mouth to cremate. It took 4 hours for the fire to consume his body. With Kedar’s ‘Korean Dream’, all was gone.# Bal Bahadur Gurung(32) ”He really loved the children. These kids remind me of my husband every time I see them,“ said Lili Maya Gurung(28) thrusting a tissue under her sunglasses. The Seoul Shinmun met her in Pokhara in central Nepal. Lili Maya‘s husband Bal Bahadur Gurung forced himself off the Wolleung Bridge in Jungnang District, Seoul, on June 12th, 2018. He died immediately after being hit by a passing vehicle. CCTV footage showed Bal Bahadur walking back-and-forth over the bridge several times. He seemed nervous. He hesitated. But nothing would change the fact that he had just become an ‘unregistered’ migrant two days ago. He feared deportation. Bal Bahadur entered South Korea with a proper work visa in October 2017. In the following March, however, he left the company and registered himself at the Ministry of Labor to find another work. Migrant workers automatically lose their right to stay in the country if they fail to secure employment within three months. Bal Bahadur went back to Nepal to spend a short time with his family then came back to South Korea. Unfortunately, he had no luck in finding work. Time marched on inexorably until his three months were up. He became an unregistered or illegal migrant. That night, Bal Bahadur had no money. Later, a message found on his mobile phone showed that he had been trying to borrow some money from his co-worker. ”Had he owned some money, do you think he could have been able to get a taxi to go home in Suwon and lived?“ Lili Maya came to South Korea to take care of the remains of her husband by herself. “Unfortunately, many people in Nepal can’t afford to come to Korea even if a family member dies here. Still, the Nepali Embassy does nothing about it,” sighed another Nepali, Lama Dawa Pasang(43), who had been helping Lili Maya during her visit. Lili Maya’s neighbors often ask her, “Your husband looked so happy when he was visiting you two months before he passed away. What happened to that happy man? What happened in South Korea?” Shocked by his youngest son’s tragic death, Bal Bahadur’s father -a former soldier- is suffering from amnesia. In Nepal, when a family member dies, they make an altar at home to display a photo of the deceased and burn incense every morning and evening. ”Mom, we only do this for dead people. Did Daddy die?“ Lili Maya’s seven-year-old daughter asked. “No, your father has gone abroad to work,” replied Lili Maya. But that did not stop Lili Maya from crying. “I want to die, too. But when I think of these poor children, I can’t.”# Dhan Raj Ghala(40) “I am enocent. I have no mistake. Company cheating me. I am no crazy […] company take my signiture [...] please investigation please” This is part of Dhan Raj Ghala’s letter, hand-written in English. He apparently died as a result of a suicide by hanging in June 2011 while working at a futon factory in Dalseo District, Daegu City. Dhan, who first came to South Korea in September 2010, even had a plane ticket booked to go back to Nepal. But, for some reason, he still ended up with the same tragic choice. Upon seeing a Korean reporter on August 31st in their home in Pokhara, Dhan’s wife Man Maya Ghala(48) and Dhan’s younger brother Bhim Raj Ghala(36) began talking about what had happened 8 years ago. Bhim said he had to go to South Korea because he could not let his brother go without knowing why he had to die there. To Bhim, his older brother was a man who loved his family more than anything and a hard-working person. “After seeing the letters, I thought Dhan must have been bullied at work,” Bhim explained. “He could have suffered from depression after learning he had signed something without knowing what it was. In the letter, he was worried that the company did something bad.” Dhan left another short letter written in Nepali, as well. He wrote, “I’ve done nothing wrong. I once fought with another worker from Mongolia. I don’t know what that Mongolian guy told Korean people… (The company) is cheating me.” Similar letters had also been sent twice to a manager of the company, in which Dhan wrote, “We used to talk to each other. But you don’t talk to me these days. I don’t understand. Please tell me why.” The company, however, denied the claims made by Dhan. They insisted that there was no bullying and that Dhan had never signed any document. It’s been told Dhan found Korea’s alternating shifts between day and night extremely difficult. Since mid-April, Dhan had been only given night shift for two months until his death. “My husband told me he could not sleep when he was working night shifts,” Man Maya explained. A source at a labor union said, “Dhan could have been very stressed due to night shifts and workplace bullying. When the company sounded as if they were to fire him, he must have felt extremely pressured.” In Nepal, when fathers bring gifts from overseas, they share it with neighbors. “When my children received their portion, they looked rather sad. They must have thought of their late-father,” Man Maya’s voice trembled as she recalled how it wounded her children. Her daughter and son were ten and five, respectively, at the time of their father’s death. Now they’ve grown to become a college student and a middle school student. ”I will never forgive those people who did wrong things to my father,“ Dhan‘s son vows to take revenge whenever the absence of his father strikes him. The siblings made a promise to each other not to go abroad no matter what. Nevertheless, Man Maya and Bhim said they did not hate Koreans. “You see in South Korea, as well as in Nepal, there are good people and bad people. Sadly, my husband met bad people. I don’t want to blame all Koreans because of them. Still, I want those bad ones to be punished.” Kathmandu·Dong kharka·Pokhara Ki Mindo key5088@seoul.co.krEnglish Translation: Lee Myungju ana.myungjulee@gmail.com ▶The Seoul Shinmun plans to cover more in-depth stories involving migrant workers, marriage migrants and migrant children in South Korea. If you have experienced or witnessed wage theft, uncompensated workplace injuries, verbal and/or physical abuses, we are waiting for your news tips. Email: key5088@seoul.or.kr Also, get in touch with more news tips and stories on bullying and any form of discrimination against marriage migrants and migrant children. Your news tips will strictly remain anonymous and protected.

?It is common for the authors to include epilogues, however, yours was especially sincere and full of countless thank you-s. Humans are quite similar in genetic aspects(you even mentioned that the reason Kenya became a powerful nation in track-and-field is because it did not lose the talented ones to other sports). Sport is a way of exploring the inner-conscience, so enjoy. Such conclusion seemed a little bit cliche-tic in the first place, pardon me, but as I thought about it more and more, it seems to be a really valuable conclusion. It has been already two years since you wrote the book. If you have the chance to write the epilogue once again, what are the changes that you would want to make? -Haha…well, I think maybe I would try to make that sentence a little less cliche! And I always appreciate feedback, so there is no need for pardon whatsoever. For me, sport is the ultimate lens through which to examine human biological diversity. You can watch the opening ceremony in Rio this summer, and there will be Michael Phelps next to a 1500-meter runner as they walk in, and Phelps will be 18cm taller, but both men will be wearing the same length pants, because of the bodytypes that are advantaged in their respective sports. I find that beautiful and remarkable, if a bit cliche. I really didn’t think so many people would be interested in the book, so I didn’t have an audience in mind so much when I wrote the epilogue, it was more sort of wrapping things up in my own mind. So that’s why I mentioned a wide range of characters from NBA players to Steve Jobs, and discussed the idea of genetic engineering for a perfect athlete. It was just addressing many different things I had been thinking about, almost like I was talking to myself. I think if I could do it again, I would have made a more explicit section of the epilogue where I said: “Here, in short, are aspects of this research that have most influenced how I work outside of sports,” and suggest how they might apply to other people. For example, when I’m trying to learn something new now, I sample a range of techniques first, and pay attention to my learning rate, or “trainability” as I call it in the book. It pays off to spend some time up front finding the method in which you are most trainable. You may be behind at first, but it’s the best way to go. And using some of the information about how athletes “chunk” information to make quick decisions, I’ve applied some of that to learning information quickly, and I can now memorize full hour-long lectures even though I don’t think I have a special memory. So I think I would have taken some time to give a bit more of the practical, utilitarian background. I would still like to do that! ?You worked as a researcher in Alaska near the North Pole, wrote articles while traveling on a yacht... you have been consistently involved in environment and sports-science. You are now working as a journalist for Propublica. Your TED lecture ‘Are Athletes Really Getting Faster, Better, Stronger?’ from 2014 was watched by a quite large number of people in Korea as well. You seem like a person who is consistently interested in new things and inflamed by new topics. Do you have a personal life moto? Is there a specific field that you are especially interested in and working on in these days? -When I lived on the boat, a large research vessel, I was actually doing science, not writing articles yet. I wasn’t a journalist yet, and still thought I would be a scientist. But the more science I did, the more I asked myself: “Am I the type of person who wants to spend my whole life learning or two things new to the world? Or am I the type who wants to learn things new to me more often?” I decided I was the latter, and later realized you really can connect dots that even the scientists haven’t, because they have to focus very narrowly. I jumped from being a scientist to a journalist, and then from all sorts of different jobs. I left a fulltime job in Washington D.C., to take a temporary six-month job as a fact-checker at Sports Illustrated. I don’t know that I have a motto, but just as the development of the best athletes involves diversification prior to specialization, I want my experience to be very wide early in my career. When my learning curve begins to flatten, I want to be somewhere else. That’s difficult, because the pressure is to create a brand and stick to the same thing. But I just can’t. I think we too often progress in life by continually moving more and more toward what we are comfortable with. I want to spend my entire life forcing myself to try things and engage with ideas that I don’t find entirely comfortable. It’s the same with physical training. If you lift the same weight the same number of times every day, you will maintain your muscle, but you won’t force it to change for the better. Right now, I just finished a long story about drug cartels in Mexico, which was a new field for me, and fascinating to understand how those organizations get very good at doing very bad things. It definitely made me wonder about how leadership is structured in organizations, so I’ve been reading some of the psychology about that. And I’m also taking a fiction writing class, because, again, I want to get out of my comfort-zone, and force myself to try a kind of writing that I’m not comfortable with. It’s working! ?Your book was selected as a New York Times bestseller. Moreover, the photo of your book with President Obama was a hot issue as well. I wonder, had the President ever mentioned about the book himself or wrote you an email or mentioned in his SNS about the book. -The President never wrote to me, as I think he probably has a pretty busy schedule! Interestingly, former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice mentioned in an interview that she was reading The Sports Gene as well. I enjoyed that, because she and President Obama are from different political parties obviously, and I was glad to think that perhaps people with very different viewpoints might be interested in it. I did see one interview online where President Obama was speaking with a runner who visited the White House, and told her some things about talent, and it made me think he had definitely paid attention to what he read in my book, as it sounded like it was straight from the pages. ?There was this video of you having a heated conversation in MIT with Malcom Gladwell, the founder of 1 million-hours-law. Are you still in an argument with him? -He and I still do discuss it, because we run together. But we have become very friendly. That doesn’t mean we agree, but my feeling is that he has gravitated somehwat more toward the evidence I’ve presented. I give him a huge amount of credit for being willing to change his mind when presented with evidence. He contends that the point of the law or “rule,” as he phrased it, was to show the importance of hard and sustained work. But that was never in question among scientists in the area, and I think the way that it has been applied is often a mistake. As I noted in my book, the scientist who did the actual work that led to the law has been pretty upset at what the public thinks it is. So I hope I helped correct that for people who are interested, although I certainly can’t reach as many people as Gladwell. ?You answered that ‘Phelps will be 18cm taller(than EL GUERROUJ), but both men will be wearing the same length pants, because of the body types that are advantaged in their respective sports. I find that beautiful and remarkable, if a bit cliche’. Could you explain further about why is that ’beautiful and remarkable‘? -In the early part of the 20th Century, there was an idea that there was an ideal way for all humans to be, and that anything different from that was bad. It deviated by fault or error. Instead, now that we better understand biological variation, it’s clear that tremendous variation is an essential part of evolution. There is no “perfect form,” only those that fit more readily into one environment or task than another. As such, I see sports as a celebration of humanity‘s physiological diversity. Some people have asked me if all these specialized body types take away some of the magic of sports for me. On the contrary, I think sports is a grand stage for appreciating biological diversity. Sports are simply contrived environments that we’ve created to test our psychology and biology. To me, the wider the range, the more interesting, and the more power sport has to appeal to everyone. I feel the same way about culture. I love the Olympics because it mixes cultures on a scale I don‘t think is really replicated just about anywhere else, and I like to see how that manifests. In short: at times human diversity is divisive, but in sport, it’s part of the celebration of achievement. Who is Epstein? He was born in Chicago, Illinois on the 31st of January, 1980. He majored in Environmental science and astronomy in Columbia University. He worked as an environmental research worker in the Artic Circle near Alaska. He also worked at the a seismological laboratory and charted the submarine topography of the Mediterranean ocean. As a sport-illustrate senior contributor, he is a celebrated journalists who writes sports-science and Olympics stories through careful research and checking, such as breaking the story that the Yankees‘ Alex Rodriguez, the tycoon of baseball was tested positive for steroids. He included his experience of being a varsity track-and-fields runner with teammates who came from Jamaica and Kenya and of working in the sports scenes in his book ‘The Sports Gene’, 2013. President Obama’s picture of buying the book at the bookstore was sensational. Also, Condoleezza Rice, the former secretary of state also recommended her acquaintances to read the book. Now he is working at the public benefit media ‘Propublica’ as a journalist and recently covered the story of the Mexican drug cartel’s local relief activity. Senior reporter Byong Sun Nim bsnim@seoul.co.kr

Can a genetic test tell whether my child who seems to be talented in sports will be able to succeed as a professional? When is the best time to select the right sport? If the child puts in efforts of more than 1 million hours, will he/she have the ability that no one can possibly think of challenging? There might be a quite large number of parents with such questions. David Epstein, the American sports-science journalist who published ‘The Sports Gene’ in 2013 advised through the e-mail interview that ‘There is no such test like that at the moment. It is actually best to experience diverse kinds of sports in one’s adolescence and choose a certain sport when one comes of age, being able to check one‘s degree of achievement and concentrate fully on the choosen sport’. Apart from certain sports such as golf and gymnastics, too much of either early or immersion education is not recommendable in sports. Following are the Q&As. ?First, I have to confess that I was personally touched by the well-done research and committed interviews. I guess that the time for writing took much longer than you had expected. Also, what were the reasons that you decided to write this book and how much are you satisfied with the outcome? -The research time for the book did indeed take longer than I expected. The topic was so complex, and there was, unfortunately, a lot of poorly done science I had to sift through to find the best work. (I was lucky I had a science background that helped with that.) For the first year, I did not write a word, I only tried to read 10 scientific papers a day, every day. As far as why I decided to write the book, it really came out of my own experience as an athlete, and as a sports spectator. I grew up in an area outside of Chicago where I ran on high school track teams with a lof of Jamaican immigrants. We had so many amazing sprinters, and when I realized Jamaica was an island of 2.5 million people, I wondered what could possibly be going on there to make so many fast sprinters?! And then in college, I moved up to run longer distance, and now I was running against Kenyan athletes, and learning that they weren’t just Kenyan, they were all from one small minority tribe, the Kalenjin. So, again, I’m wondering: What in the world is going on over there? Those questions combined with things I would see on television, like a women’s softball pitcher striking out the best Major League hitters. As soon as I saw that, I made an estimate calculation of the speed of her pitch and the closer distance of the mound to see if there was less time to swing, and there wasn’t, so I wondered why the men couldn’t hit it. So I just kept keeping all these questions in my mind, and when I had the opportunity, I wanted to go as far toward answering them as possible using the best available science. So really it was my own curiosities, and I didn’t know that so many other people would be interested. ?Your book‘s greatest strength may be that the readers can go through your experience as a varsity track-and-field player for 800 meters and also the interviews with Barry Bonds and Jennie Finch. Your theory of knowledge bulk was really intriguing as well. So, what you really wanted to say is that one cannot choose between nature and nurture. Concentrated workouts are important, however, there is no need to put in 1 million hours of work. One can experience diverse kinds of sports while he/she is young and then once he/she comes of age, he/she can choose one specific filed and put in his/her efforts. This is what you offer as an advice for parents who have kids that seem to be talented with sports. Is it right? -That’s right. The science has moved past the question of “nature or nurture,” and on to attempting to figure out what the balance of nature and nurture is in any specific situation. Without both genes and environments, there are no outcomes at all. So the real quest is to understand the interplay of nature and nurture, and how we can best use it. And this is important, because some people asked me after the book came out why scientists even study genetics if we can’t change it. The answer is that we can alter environments so that people get more out of their genetics. That’s why I use that quote toward the end of the book by J.M. Tanner?who was the world’s expert in body growth and development, and was a worldclass athlete: “Everyone has a different genotype. Therefore, for optimal development, everyone should have a different environment.” The more we understand about nature, the more we can help tailor the nurture to help everyone get the best out of themselves. As far as putting in hours of work, you’re exactly right. There is no magic number of hours. When I went through the work about the 10,000-hours rule, I expected to find something amazing I could write about. But what I found was work filled with statistical problems that needed to be addressed, because it’s actually damaging the development of athletes. The actual research shows that the typical route to success in most sports?and in fact many other activities?is to have a “sampling period,” where the learner has exposure to a wide variety of skills early, before then focusing in and specializing. That’s why I added an afterword to the book, and you can see, on pages 416 and 417, I added the charts with the aggregate data that show the development path of elite athletes. They sample sports early, and practice less and in a less technical manner early on than their peers who plateau at lower levels. There are exceptions, of course, and golf may be one because it’s a very unusual endeavor, in which the athlete is not time limited and does not need to predict the actions of others. But the fact is, most performers who go on to become elite do not follow the Tiger Woods path of early specialization. They follow the Roger Federer path; his parents forced him not to focus on tennis too early, and to continue playing badminton, basketball, and soccer before he could specialize. That’s the norm for those who become creative adult athletes. (And, by the way, there is evidence the best musicians do this as well.) Still, even looking at the data, people often don’t believe me. They send me messages: “Ok, maybe in some American sport that’s true, but never in soccer!” Well, luckily for me, shortly after the German national team won the World Cup, this study came out showing that they followed this exact pattern as well. The best players spent more time in unstructured activities as kids, and put off full specialization until after their less skilled peers. The study is called “Practice and play in the development of German top-level professional football players.” As an aside, Malcolm Gladwell and I had a public debate about this, and he conceeded that he didn’t expect people to take the 10,000-hours so seriously. You can see it here on YouTube. He and I have become running partners, so we continue to discuss on our own time! ?What was the most difficult part of writing the book? Even though you are an investigative reporter, it would have not been easy to do interviews while traveling since you would have to check the sources and work on the drafts on the plane. -Well, I didn’t have to do too much on planes, because I took a long time to write the book. When I chose my publisher, my priority was not the best financial offer, but the publisher that would make me an equal partner in determining how long I needed in order to write the book. In some ways, I still felt rushed, but I didn’t want to be on the normal timeline of one year or 18 months, because I knew I needed to learn a lot of material. So that was ok. It was a challenge, though, to arrange some of the interviews. In the last chapter of the book, I tracked down a man who was living as a reindeer farmer in the Arctic, and didn’t speak English, and it took me a while even to figure out that he was still alive and I should go visit him! Really, though, there were two aspects that stood out as very difficult: 1) If I wanted to give an honest examination of the top, I had to write about race and gender, and those are very sensitive topics. I got my CV ready just in case I had to find a new job. 2) I learned that some of my own intuition about the world was incorrect. I learned how hard it is, even faced with the data, to change my mind about certain things I believed for a long time and wanted to continue believing. It just took me some time to come to terms with that and write honestly about the data. For example, the chapters about genetic diversity in Africa, and about how physiology influences the willpower to train, were at first hard for me to digest intellectually, because much of the information was contrary to my intuition. But, in the end, that is why we have science, because we can’t rely on our intuition. --------------------- Two-thirds of Koreans have the gene which can pass through the doping(prohibited substances) test? David Epstein’s book ‘The Sports Gene(Translated version p.213)’ contains dangerous content that can instill a false belief on a quite large number of athletes in this nation. Swedish scientist Jenny Jakobsson Schulz, utilizing data from both Sweden and Inha University Hospital in Incheon, found out a scandalising fact. Those who have a pair of the gene mutant ‘UGT2B17’, which has the ability to cheat the most common anti-doping screening test ‘T/E ratio’, were more commonly found in East asia. The team actually mentioned that especially two thirds of Kroeans have this mutant. The T/E ratio test which searches for the ratio of testosterone to another hormone called epitestosterone views the ratio of 1:1 as normal and if the ratio goes above 4:1, than that there is a possiblity of doping. The research team determined that a lot of people have a gene that influences how they excrete testosterone in their urine, and they can dope without the T/E ratio changing, so they will still pass the test. They recommend that for drug testing to be more effective, it would have to be genetically tailored. On the 23rd of the last month, I requested an authority from Korean Anti-Doping Association(KADA) about how much of this is true and how much information do the domestic researchers and the KADA have on this news. Epstein further explained on this by answering “When I too asked anti-doping officials about this work, some of them said, ‘Oh no, it’s fine, that’s not right.’ Or, ‘That’s very rare.’ But it is right, and it’s not rare, so they are in denial.” “The good news, though, is that the T/E ratio test is becoming less important, as technologies like the biological passport are taking over.” He added, “Christiane Ayotte, one of the top anti-doping scientists in the world, was more honest. She told me, ‘This is one reason why I can’t retire until we have a better screening test than the T/E ratio.’. KADA Education-PR deputy answered on the 3rd, ”T/E ratio is just a primary testing method and is not used as a decisive material for the doping judgement. For example, we use secondary test methods such as IRMS, and also a biological informational system with diverse information for making the final conclusion. So, passing the T/E ratio test does not mean that one can avoid the doping test.” Senior reporter Byong Sun Nim bsnim@seoul.co.kr

다음은 저커버그가 딸 맥스에게 보낸 편지 전문이다. A letter to our daughter 　Dear Max, 　Your mother and I don‘t yet have the words to describe the hope you give us for the future. Your new life is full of promise, and we hope you will be happy and healthy so you can explore it fully. You’ve already given us a reason to reflect on the world we hope you live in. 　Like all parents, we want you to grow up in a world better than ours today. 　While headlines often focus on what‘s wrong, in many ways the world is getting better. Health is improving. Poverty is shrinking. Knowledge is growing. People are connecting. Technological progress in every field means your life should be dramatically better than ours today. 　We will do our part to make this happen, not only because we love you, but also because we have a moral responsibility to all children in the next generation. 　We believe all lives have equal value, and that includes the many more people who will live in future generations than live today. Our society has an obligation to invest now to improve the lives of all those coming into this world, not just those already here. 　But right now, we don’t always collectively direct our resources at the biggest opportunities and problems your generation will face. 　Consider disease. Today we spend about 50 times more as a society treating people who are sick than we invest in research so you won‘t get sick in the first place. 　Medicine has only been a real science for less than 100 years, and we’ve already seen complete cures for some diseases and good progress for others. As technology accelerates, we have a real shot at preventing, curing or managing all or most of the rest in the next 100 years. 　Today, most people die from five things -- heart disease, cancer, stroke, neurodegenerative and infectious diseases -- and we can make faster progress on these and other problems. 　Once we recognize that your generation and your children‘s generation may not have to suffer from disease, we collectively have a responsibility to tilt our investments a bit more towards the future to make this reality. Your mother and I want to do our part. 　Curing disease will take time. Over short periods of five or ten years, it may not seem like we’re making much of a difference. But over the long term, seeds planted now will grow, and one day, you or your children will see what we can only imagine: a world without suffering from disease. 　There are so many opportunities just like this. If society focuses more of its energy on these great challenges, we will leave your generation a much better world. • • • 　Our hopes for your generation focus on two ideas: advancing human potential and promoting equality. 　Advancing human potential is about pushing the boundaries on how great a human life can be. 　Can you learn and experience 100 times more than we do today? 　Can our generation cure disease so you live much longer and healthier lives? 　Can we connect the world so you have access to every idea, person and opportunity? 　Can we harness more clean energy so you can invent things we can‘t conceive of today while protecting the environment? 　Can we cultivate entrepreneurship so you can build any business and solve any challenge to grow peace and prosperity? 　Promoting equality is about making sure everyone has access to these opportunities -- regardless of the nation, families or circumstances they are born into. 　Our society must do this not only for justice or charity, but for the greatness of human progress. 　Today we are robbed of the potential so many have to offer. The only way to achieve our full potential is to channel the talents, ideas and contributions of every person in the world. 　Can our generation eliminate poverty and hunger? 　Can we provide everyone with basic healthcare? 　Can we build inclusive and welcoming communities? 　Can we nurture peaceful and understanding relationships between people of all nations? 　Can we truly empower everyone -- women, children, underrepresented minorities, immigrants and the unconnected? 　If our generation makes the right investments, the answer to each of these questions can be yes -- and hopefully within your lifetime. 　• • • 　This mission -- advancing human potential and promoting equality -- will require a new approach for all working towards these goals. 　We must make long term investments over 25, 50 or even 100 years. The greatest challenges require very long time horizons and cannot be solved by short term thinking. 　We must engage directly with the people we serve. We can’t empower people if we don‘t understand the needs and desires of their communities. 　We must build technology to make change. Many institutions invest money in these challenges, but most progress comes from productivity gains through innovation. 　We must participate in policy and advocacy to shape debates. Many institutions are unwilling to do this, but progress must be supported by movements to be sustainable. 　We must back the strongest and most independent leaders in each field. Partnering with experts is more effective for the mission than trying to lead efforts ourselves. 　We must take risks today to learn lessons for tomorrow. We’re early in our learning and many things we try won‘t work, but we’ll listen and learn and keep improving. 　• • • 　Our experience with personalized learning, internet access, and community education and health has shaped our philosophy. 　Our generation grew up in classrooms where we all learned the same things at the same pace regardless of our interests or needs. 　Your generation will set goals for what you want to become -- like an engineer, health worker, writer or community leader. You‘ll have technology that understands how you learn best and where you need to focus. You’ll advance quickly in subjects that interest you most, and get as much help as you need in your most challenging areas. You‘ll explore topics that aren’t even offered in schools today. Your teachers will also have better tools and data to help you achieve your goals. 　Even better, students around the world will be able to use personalized learning tools over the internet, even if they don‘t live near good schools. Of course it will take more than technology to give everyone a fair start in life, but personalized learning can be one scalable way to give all children a better education and more equal opportunity. 　We’re starting to build this technology now, and the results are already promising. Not only do students perform better on tests, but they gain the skills and confidence to learn anything they want. And this journey is just beginning. The technology and teaching will rapidly improve every year you‘re in school. 　Your mother and I have both taught students and we’ve seen what it takes to make this work. It will take working with the strongest leaders in education to help schools around the world adopt personalized learning. It will take engaging with communities, which is why we‘re starting in our San Francisco Bay Area community. It will take building new technology and trying new ideas. And it will take making mistakes and learning many lessons before achieving these goals. 　But once we understand the world we can create for your generation, we have a responsibility as a society to focus our investments on the future to make this reality. 　Together, we can do this. And when we do, personalized learning will not only help students in good schools, it will help provide more equal opportunity to anyone with an internet connection. 　• • • 　Many of the greatest opportunities for your generation will come from giving everyone access to the internet. 　People often think of the internet as just for entertainment or communication. But for the majority of people in the world, the internet can be a lifeline. 　It provides education if you don’t live near a good school. It provides health information on how to avoid diseases or raise healthy children if you don‘t live near a doctor. It provides financial services if you don’t live near a bank. It provides access to jobs and opportunities if you don‘t live in a good economy. 　The internet is so important that for every 10 people who gain internet access, about one person is lifted out of poverty and about one new job is created. 　Yet still more than half of the world’s population -- more than 4 billion people -- don‘t have access to the internet. 　If our generation connects them, we can lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. We can also help hundreds of millions of children get an education and save millions of lives by helping people avoid disease. 　This is another long term effort that can be advanced by technology and partnership. It will take inventing new technology to make the internet more affordable and bring access to unconnected areas. It will take partnering with governments, non-profits and companies. It will take engaging with communities to understand what they need. Good people will have different views on the best path forward, and we will try many efforts before we succeed. 　But together we can succeed and create a more equal world. 　• • • 　Technology can’t solve problems by itself. Building a better world starts with building strong and healthy communities. 　Children have the best opportunities when they can learn. And they learn best when they‘re healthy. 　Health starts early -- with loving family, good nutrition and a safe, stable environment. 　Children who face traumatic experiences early in life often develop less healthy minds and bodies. Studies show physical changes in brain development leading to lower cognitive ability. 　Your mother is a doctor and educator, and she has seen this firsthand. 　If you have an unhealthy childhood, it’s difficult to reach your full potential. 　If you have to wonder whether you‘ll have food or rent, or worry about abuse or crime, then it’s difficult to reach your full potential. 　If you fear you‘ll go to prison rather than college because of the color of your skin, or that your family will be deported because of your legal status, or that you may be a victim of violence because of your religion, sexual orientation or gender identity, then it’s difficult to reach your full potential. 　We need institutions that understand these issues are all connected. That‘s the philosophy of the new type of school your mother is building. 　By partnering with schools, health centers, parent groups and local governments, and by ensuring all children are well fed and cared for starting young, we can start to treat these inequities as connected. Only then can we collectively start to give everyone an equal opportunity. 　It will take many years to fully develop this model. But it’s another example of how advancing human potential and promoting equality are tightly linked. If we want either, we must first build inclusive and healthy communities. 　• • • 　For your generation to live in a better world, there is so much more our generation can do. 　Today your mother and I are committing to spend our lives doing our small part to help solve these challenges. I will continue to serve as Facebook‘s CEO for many, many years to come, but these issues are too important to wait until you or we are older to begin this work. By starting at a young age, we hope to see compounding benefits throughout our lives. 　As you begin the next generation of the Chan Zuckerberg family, we also begin the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to join people across the world to advance human potential and promote equality for all children in the next generation. Our initial areas of focus will be personalized learning, curing disease, connecting people and building strong communities. 　We will give 99% of our Facebook shares -- currently about $45 billion -- during our lives to advance this mission. We know this is a small contribution compared to all the resources and talents of those already working on these issues. But we want to do what we can, working alongside many others. 　We’ll share more details in the coming months once we settle into our new family rhythm and return from our maternity and paternity leaves. We understand you‘ll have many questions about why and how we’re doing this. 　As we become parents and enter this next chapter of our lives, we want to share our deep appreciation for everyone who makes this possible. 　We can do this work only because we have a strong global community behind us. Building Facebook has created resources to improve the world for the next generation. Every member of the Facebook community is playing a part in this work. 　We can make progress towards these opportunities only by standing on the shoulders of experts -- our mentors, partners and many incredible people whose contributions built these fields. 　And we can only focus on serving this community and this mission because we are surrounded by loving family, supportive friends and amazing colleagues. We hope you will have such deep and inspiring relationships in your life too. 　Max, we love you and feel a great responsibility to leave the world a better place for you and all children. We wish you a life filled with the same love, hope and joy you give us. We can‘t wait to see what you bring to this world. 　Love, 　Mom and Dad

/ci0015A:I am so hungry because I skipped breakfast this morning.(아침을 걸렀더니 배가 너무 고프네요.) B:Why did you skip breakfast?(왜 아침을 안 먹었어요?) A:Well,I couldn’t find time for it.(음, 시간이 없었어요.) B: We still have 40 minutes to go before the lunch.(점심 먹으려면 아직 40분 남았는데.) A:I know.I will have a big lunch.(알아요. 오늘 점심은 많이 먹을 거예요.) B:Don’t even think of eating too much,or you will upset your stomach.(폭식할 생각은 하지도 말아요. 안 그러면 배탈날지도 몰라요.) A:What are we going to have for lunch?(점심으로 뭘 먹을까요?) B:Go back to work and see you later on the first floor.(일부터 하시고 조금 있다 일층에서 만나요.)/ci0000 ▶ Skip∼ : ∼을 거르다, 건너뛰다. I usually skip breakfast because I wake up late.(아침에 늦게 일어나기 때문에 보통 아침을 거른다.) ▶ Find time for∼ : ∼할 시간을 내다.I can’t find time for reading a newspaper at all.(신문 읽을 시간조차 없어요.) ▶ Upset one’s stomach : ∼배탈이 나다. ▶ Go back to work : 일하러 돌아가다. 도서관, 사무실 등에서 잠시 휴식을 취하다, 다시 일하게 되는 경우를 의미한다.Stop talking and let’s go back to work.(이제 얘기 그만하시고 일 시작합시다.) 박명수 국제영어대학원대학교 교수

아래쪽 지문 (가)를 읽은 뒤 의미를 추출하고 이를 바탕으로 지문 (나)에 제시된 사례의 문제점을 살펴 그 원인을 설명하시오.이어서 정보화 사회에서 발생할 수 있는 이와 유사한 문제에 대처하는 방안을 구체적인 예를 들어 서술하시오.(한양대 2003년 대입 논술고사) 가 인간 세계에서는 한정되고 편협한 자신의 가치관만으로 좋고 나쁨을 구별하기 일쑤이다.그 편협한 가치관을 식물에 대해 강요한 것이 바로 작물이다.사람들은 보다 수확량이 많고 맛있어야 한다는 등의 기준 아래 월등한 것만을 선별하여 그 형질이 가능한 한 균일하게 되도록 인위적인 선택을 계속해 왔다.그 결과,인위적으로 선발된 이 작물은 생산 관리의 효율성과 높은 산출량을 자랑하게 되었지만,그럼에도 제한된 기준에 의해 선발된 이 개성 약한 붕어빵 집단은 예상치 못한 환경 변화에 극단적으로 약하다.예를 들어 어떤 병에 약한 약점이 있으면 모두 눈 깜짝할 사이에 전멸하는 일이 벌어진다. 1840년 아일랜드에서는 갑자기 감자에 돌림병이 퍼져 기록적인 기근이 발생했다.2백만 명 이상이 굶어 죽었고,국외로 탈출하는 사람이 끊이지 않았다.이 때 신대륙 아메리카로 이주하는 사람도 급증했는데,나중에 이들이 미국이 번영하는 데 한 몫을 했다는 이야기도 있다.감자 하나가 역사를 바꾼 대 사건이 아닐 수 없다.이 기근의 원인은 자명하다.아일랜드에서는 한 가지 품종의 감자만을 전국적으로 재배하고 있었다.그 때문에 한 가지 병에 대해 모든 감자가 한꺼번에 해를 입는 사태가 일어난 것이다. 하지만 다양성이 존재하는 잡초의 집단에서는 앞서 본 감자의 경우와 같은 일은 일어나지 않는다.잡초는 같은 종자라 해도 크기,무게,형질이 획일적이지 않고 천차만별이어서 어떤 환경의 변화에도 대응할 수 있는 준비가 되어있다.뿐만 아니라 잡초는 환경의 위험스러운 변화를 오히려 번식의 계기로 삼기도 한다.이 경우 땅속으로 줄기를 뻗는 땅속줄기라는 기관이 재생에 중요한 역할을 한다.사람들은 흔히 땅 위에 있는 것이 줄기이고,땅 속에 있는 것은 뿌리라고 생각하기 쉽지만,꼭 그런 것만은 아니다.번성하면 몹시 성가신 잡초의 대표격인 향부자는,땅속으로 줄기를 뻗어가면서 계속 싹을 틔운다.정원 나무에 휘감기는 덩굴성 잡초나 땅으로 줄기를 이어가면서 퍼지는 잡초들은 제초 작업에 의해 줄기가 절단된다 해도 재생할 수 있다.밭을 갈면 갈기갈기 찢겨나가지만,그 절단된 하나 하나가 모두 재생된다.결국 제초작업이나 경작이 잡초를 번성하게 만드는 꼴이 되는 것이다. 심지어 어떤 잡초들은 땅속줄기가 찢어지기 쉬운 구조로 되어 있다.무섭게 돌아가는 트랙터의 하단 회전 부분에 땅속줄기를 얽히게 해서 이 밭에서 저 밭으로 교묘하게 분포를 넓혀 가는 것도 잡초의 탁월한 생존 전략 중 하나다.이렇게 밭에서 자라는 잡초는 경작이라는 엄청난 역경을 극복하고,게다가 이를 이용하고 있는 것이다. 나 In the summer of 1996,between the crest of the Rockies and the Pacific in America,everything powered by electricity suddenly went silent.The afternoon temperature in Denver had soared to above 37℃,and hundreds of office workers were rushing from office towers to the cold breeze of their cars’ air conditioners.Long lines formed at gas stations for fuel and ice,traffic lights were blank,hospitals and air traffic controllers were operating on an emergency basis only,and people trapped in elevators were pushing the alarm button in vain.“On a hot day it takes no time to turn a modern office building into an incubator,” remarked an office worker.“There is no ventilation,and you can’t open any windows.” As the nation’s electricity dependency deepened over the year,utility companies learned to increase efficiency and decrease costs by sharing facilities and supporting one another.As a result,formerly islanded systems began to link up,giving rise to the biggest human-made structure on Earth,and containing enough wire to reach to the moon and back. With thousands of generators,millions of miles of lines,and over a billion loads,this huge unified system is now so interdependent and sensitive that a single disturbance can be detected thousands of miles away.But the blackout in 1996 has brought up the crucial weakness of this formidable system.Having an interconnected system really makes for more efficient use of our natural resources and keeps the cost down.It,however,means that when something goes critically wrong,it can break down the whole system.With over .5 billion in damages and lost productivity,the 1996 blackout highlighted an often ignored Achilles’ heel of interconnected systems. * soar: 치솟다 * ventilation:환기 1.사오정·저팔계, 과학기술의 발달에 감탄하다 사오정과 저팔계는 너무나 신기했다.국내에서 개발된 인간형 로봇의 시범을 보고 오는 길이다.“야 KHR-2(카이스트에서 개발한 한국의 인간형 로봇) 정말 신기하지 않냐? 일본에서 아시모라고 인간과 비슷한 로봇이 제작됐다는 소리는 들었는데,우리나라에서도 그런 로봇을 개발했을 줄이야.정말 신기해.” 사오정은 너무나 신기해 하면서 말을 폭포수처럼 쏟아냈다.“응.체조 동작을 할 때는 저절로 감탄사가 연발되더라.우리나라의 기술력이 대단하다는 생각이 든다.” 저팔계도 흥분한 어조로 말을 받았다.“나도 나중에 과학자가 될까 봐.힘든 일을 대신해 줄 로봇을 개발해서 편하게 좀 살아 봐야지.” “아이고 젯밥에만 관심을 둔다더니 꼭 그 격이구나.” 얘기를 나누다 보니 어느새 사오정의 집 근처에 도착했다.“팔계야! 잠시 우리 집에 들러서 놀다가 삼장 선생님께 갈까?” 저팔계는 시계를 쳐다보더니 “그래.시간이 좀 남아 있으니 놀다 가자.” 사오정과 저팔계는 사오정의 집을 향했다.“어? 무슨 문이 이래?꼭 전화기처럼 생겼네.” 저팔계는 사오정의 집 문을 보고 신기한 듯이 쳐다 봤다.사오정은 득의양양한 표정으로 “야 너는 홈오토메이션,홈네트워크 이런 소리도 못 들어 봤냐? 이거 지문을 인식해서 문을 자동으로 열어주는 도어록이야.” 사오정이 손을 갖다 대니 철컥하고 문이 열린다.방 안으로 들어간 사오정은 저팔계를 쳐다보면서 “덥지?”하더니 인터폰처럼 생긴 기기의 버튼을 눌렀다.버튼을 누르자 갑자기 창문 커튼이 열리고 창문이 자동으로 열린다.“역시 과학의 힘은 대단하다니….” 사오정의 집에서 놀던 저팔계와 사오정은 현관문을 나섰다.문을 닫은 후 사오정이 지문 인식 장치에 손을 댔는데 기계가 반응을 하지 않았다.“어? 왜 이러지?” 사오정은 당혹스러운 표정으로 자꾸 손가락을 들이밀었지만 기계는 계속 에러 사인을 내보낸다.화가 난 사오정은 문을 냅다 걷어차면서 말했다.“에이! 매번 말썽이라니까.잘 될 땐 편한데,가끔씩 이렇게 먹통이 되니….”하면서 업체에 전화를 걸었다.1시간 가까이 시간이 흐른 후에야 고치는 사람이 도착했다.수리를 마치고 나니 거의 2시간이 흘러 있었다.사오정과 저팔계는 급히 삼장 선생의 집으로 달려 갔다. 2.삼장 선생,화를 내다 “아니! 이 녀석들아! 어찌된 일이냐?”삼장 선생은 화가 잔뜩 난 목소리로 물었다.사오정과 저팔계는 상황을 얘기하고 용서를 구했다.“허허! 어떻게 그런 일이….편하자고 사용하는 기계가 오히려 사람을 피곤하게 만들었구나.” “네? 사람을 편리하게 해주는 기계들이 사람을 피곤하게 한다고요?” 사오정과 저팔계는 궁금한 표정으로 삼장 선생을 쳐다 보았다. “왜? 아닌 거 같으냐? 당장에 오늘 너희들이 겪은 일이 그런 일의 한 사례이지 않으냐? 가령 은행 업무를 온라인으로 할 수 있어서 편하다고는 하지만 전산시스템이 멈추면 급하게 돈을 찾아야 하는 경우에 어떻게 할 것이냐?사람들이 먼 거리를 편하게 이동시켜주는 수단인 자동차가 갑자기 멈추는 경우도 마찬가지의 상황이라 할 수 있겠지.심지어는 역급부로 교통사고 등의 피해를 많은 사람들이 겪고 있기도 하지.매연으로 인한 환경오염으로 우리들의 건강에 악영향을 미치는 것도 빼놓고 얘기할 수는 없는 부분이다.과학 기술의 발달로 인한 문명의 이기가 인간에게 꼭 좋은 의미로만 다가오지 않는 이유이기도 하다.열거하자면 한도 끝도 없지.좀 다른 얘기지만 너희들이 가장 좋아하는 컴퓨터도 인간에게 궁극적으로 행복을 가져다 주었는가 하는 질문에는 자신있게 그렇다고 답변하기 어려울 것이다.물론 컴퓨터를 통하여 인간은 전보다 훨씬 효율적으로 편하게 일을 할 수 있는 경우가 많아지기는 했으나,가만히 생각해 보면 우리 인간은 여전히 바쁘다.전에 10시간 걸린 일을 컴퓨터는 1시간에 끝날 수 있게 해주는데,우리는 여전히 시간에 쫓기면서 살고 있지 않느냐? 이런 것 역시 과학기술의 발전이나 문명의 발달 그 자체가 인간의 삶을 행복하게 만들어 준다는 보장이 없음을 보여주는 증거라 할 수 있다. 어떻든 늦게 왔지만 문제를 하나 풀기는 해야겠지. 오늘 너희들이 겪은 상황과 무관치 않은 문제이니 열심히 풀어보도록 하려무나.” 3.삼장 선생 문제를 풀다 잘들 썼다.이번 논제는 ‘지문 (가)를 읽어 의미를 추출하고,이를 바탕으로 지문 (나)에 제시된 사례의 문제점을 살펴 그 원인을 설명하시오.이어서 정보화 사회에서 발생할 수 있는 이와 유사한 문제에 대처하는 방안을 구체적인 예를 들어 서술’하라는 것이었다. 우선 지문 (가)의 내용을 볼까? 제시문 (가)는 인간 세계에서는 한정되고 편협한 자신의 가치관만으로 좋고 나쁨을 구별하여 인위적으로 조작함으로써 통일된 것만을 선호하는 것이 바람직하지 않음을 제시하고 있다.다양성이 무시된 획일성,통일성은 어떤 ‘예상치 못한 환경 변화’에 극단적으로 약해질 수 있기 때문이다.그러한 사례로 한 가지 품종의 감자가 한꺼번에 해를 입었던 아일랜드의 사태를 들고 있다.이에 반해 다양성이 존재하는 잡초의 경우는 엄청난 역경을 극복하고 오히려 그것을 이용하는 강한 생명력을 지닌다는 점을 제시하고 있다. 다음은 제시문 (나)에 나타난 사례의 문제점을 살펴 그 원인을 분석해야 한다.제시문 (나)는 1996년에 일어난 미국의 대규모 정전사태를 예시하고 그 원인이 효율성을 높이고 비용을 절감하기 위하여 만든 방대한 시스템화에 있음을 지적하고 있다.거대한 통합 시스템은 부분적인 오류로 인하여 전체 시스템이 파괴될 수도 있기 때문이다.정전 사태와 같은 문제점을 발생시킨 원인은 지나치게 효율성만을 강조하고 그로 인해 생길 수 있는 여러 가지 문제에 대한 대비가 부족했기 때문이라는 것이다. 다음은 정보화 사회에서 발생할 수 있는 이와 유사한 문제에 대처하는 방안을 구체적인 예를 들어 서술해야 한다.가장 일반적인 사례는 바이러스에 의한 인터넷 대란이 될 것이다.하나의 서버만 바이러스에 감염되어도 인터넷망을 타고 급속도로 퍼져 인터넷 전체가 마비되는 경우가 비일비재하기 때문이다.인터넷 상의 보안 문제도 좋은 사례가 될 수 있다.가령 인터넷 뱅킹에서 고객들의 비밀번호가 유출되거나 은행의 서버가 해킹을 당하면 그 결과는 상상을 초월하는 대혼란을 가져오게 될 것이다.실제로 비밀번호가 유출되어 고객 몰래 현금을 인출해 간 사례가 있기도 하다.우리가 편리성과 효율성만 앞세워 하나로 통합된 거대한 시스템을 구축하는데 급급해 하는 사이에 곳곳에 위험이 싹트고 있는 것이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 양적인 팽창보다는 질적인 면에서 보완이 필요하다고 할 수 있다.컴퓨터의 보안에 만전을 기하려는 노력이 필요할 것이다.다양한 가능성에 미리 대비하는 자세도 필요하다.현재 일어나지 않았지만 앞으로 발생할 가능성이 있는 각종 위험 요소들을 사전에 미리 제거해 나가야 할 것이다.사이버 범죄 수사대의 활동 강화 등과 같은 법적,제도적 장치도 보완이 필요한 일일 것이다.다양한 대안과 대비책이 가능하므로 그러한 점을 차근차근 제시하면 무난한 답변 작성이 가능할 것이다. 4.삼장,과학기술의 발전 문제에 관해서 얘기하다 말이 나온 김에 과학 기술의 발전 문제에 관해서 좀더 얘기하도록 하자.과학기술의 발전은 인간의 생활을 편리하게 해주고,인간의 수명을 늘리는가 하면 노동 시간을 줄여 삶의 행복에 일정 부분 기여해 온 것이 사실이다.그러나 인간 사회를 삭막하게 만들거나 엄청난 파괴력을 지닌 무기가 등장하여 수많은 죽음의 빌미를 제공하기도 하였고,환경을 오염시키거나 파괴시킨 것은 물론 인간 소외 현상을 낳은 악영향도 없지 않았다.이런 점 때문에 과학과 기술의 발전이 지닌 순기능과 역기능에 관련된 문제들이 종종 출제되곤 한단다. 특히 과학기술의 발전과 환경오염 및 파괴의 문제는 지금까지도 여전히 우리 사회의 문제로 대두되고 있는 실정이기 때문에 이런 기회를 통해 잘 정리해 두기 바란다.알겠느냐? 5.사오정,깨달은 거 맞나? “예 잘 알겠습니다.” 사오정과 저팔계는 힘차게 대답했다.“저 당장 집에 가서 부모님께 홈오토메이션 시스템인지 뭔지 없애자고 해야겠어요.현관문에 달린 지문인식 도어록도 없애고요.” 사오정이 갑자기 삼장 선생을 보고 말했다.“갑자기 그건 왜 없애느냐?” “자칫 잘못 작동되면 모든 것이 다 연결되어 있으니 큰 사고가 터질 수 있잖아요.미국의 경우처럼 우리 집의 모든 가전제품이 작동을 안 하거나 모두가 고장나면 어떡해요.저 얼른 가볼게요.” 사오정은 말을 마치고는 부지런히 달려 나간다.“원! 녀석 뚱딴지 같기는 쯧쯧쯧!” 삼장 선생은 할 말을 잃은 듯 사오정이 달려 나가는 뒷모습을 물끄러미 바라보았다.“팔계야! 사오정 저러는 걸 보고 내가 잘 가르쳤다고 해야 하니, 아니면 잘못 가르쳤다고 해야 하니?” 삼장 선생의 질문에 저팔계는 낄낄 웃고 말았다. 다음 주제는 ‘다르게 살면 어때’입니다.논술과 심층면접 지상강의 내용에 대해 이해가 안 되거나 궁금한 점이 있으면 http://cafe.daum.net/seoulinseoul로 문의하면 선생님들의 조언과 설명을 들을 수 있습니다.